To compare the persistence in using two different medications from the same drug class (LAMA/LABA FDC) which are delivered through different devices, a dry-powder inhalers (DPI) and Soft Mist Inhalers (SMI).

Inclusion Criteria:

-

Exclusion Criteria:

• Aged <40 years
• Enrolment with medical and pharmacy coverage prior to the cohort entry < 180 days
• Never had COPD diagnosis on the cohort entry date or prior to cohort entry
• A record for dispensed Olodaterol/Tiotropium Bromide delivered with Respimat inhalator or Umeclidinium/Vilanterol delivered with the Ellipta Inhaler during the 180-day baseline prior to cohort entry
• Diagnosis of asthma any time prior to cohort entry
• Diagnosis of lung cancer any time prior to cohort entry
• Diagnosis of lung transplant any time prior to cohort entry

Patients initiating Olodaterol/Tiotropium Bromide or Umeclidinium/Vilanterol up to 2.5 years

Clinical studies sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim, phases I to IV, interventional and non-interventional, are in scope for sharing of the raw clinical study data and clinical study documents, except for the following exclusions:

1. studies in products where Boehringer Ingelheim is not the license holder;
2. studies regarding pharmaceutical formulations and associated analytical methods, and studies pertinent to pharmacokinetics using human biomaterials;
3. studies conducted in a single center or targeting rare diseases (because of limitations with anonymization).

For more details refer to: https://www.mystudywindow.com/msw/datasharing

Boehringer Ingelheim (BI) acknowledges that investigators have the right to publish the study results. Investigators shall provide BI with a copy of any publication or presentation for review prior to any submission. Such review will be done with regard to proprietary information, information related to patentable inventions, medical, scientific, and statistical accuracy within 60 days. BI may request a delay of the publication in order to protect BI's intellectual property rights.