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Smoking is the leading cause of preventable illness, disability, and death in the United States. The rate of smoking is disproportionately higher among Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Unfortunately, smoking cessation efforts that are effective in the general population have shown limited effectiveness in smokers with PTSD. The high smoking rate and difficulty with achieving abstinence indicate a critical need to develop effective interventions for Veterans who smoke and have PTSD. The investigators' data indicate that negative emotions and trauma reminders are associated with relapse for smokers with PTSD. In this context, an ideal strategy may be to combine evidence-based PTSD treatment with intensive smoking cessation treatment to maximize quit rates.
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a well-established evidence-based treatment for PTSD. The investigators have successfully developed a treatment manual that combines CPT with cognitive-behavioral counseling for smoking cessation. Contingency management (CM) is another intensive behavioral treatment that has been shown to help with reducing smoking. CM provides positive reinforcers such as money to individuals misusing substances contingent upon abstinence from use. The primary goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a treatment that combines CM with cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation counseling, smoking cessation medication, and CPT. Proposed is a randomized, two-arm clinical trial in which 120 Veteran smokers with PTSD will be randomized to either: 1) COGNITIVE PROCESSING THERAPY with SMOKING ABSTINENCE REINFORCEMENT THERAPY (CPT-SMART) or 2) COMBINED CONTACT CONTROL, an intervention identical to CPT-SMART in PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using payment that is not contingent on abstinence.
Specific aims include: AIM 1) To evaluate the efficacy of CPT-SMART on rates of short- and long-term abstinence from cigarettes; AIM 2) To evaluate the impact of CPT-SMART on treatment engagement and utilization; and an EXPLORATORY AIM) To explore mechanisms of CPT-SMART on long-term smoking abstinence. The positive public health impact of reducing smoking among Veterans with PTSD could be enormous as it would prevent significant smoking-related morbidity and mortality.
Smoking is the leading cause of preventable illness, disability, and death in the United States. The rate of smoking is disproportionately higher among Veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Unfortunately, smoking cessation efforts that are effective in the general population have shown limited effectiveness in smokers with PTSD. The high smoking rate and difficulty with achieving abstinence indicate a critical need to develop effective interventions for PTSD smokers. The investigators' data indicate that negative affect and trauma reminders are a significant antecedent of relapse for PTSD smokers. Further, despite evidence that nicotine may exacerbate PTSD symptoms, many smokers with PTSD expect that smoking helps manage their symptoms. In this context, an ideal strategy may be to combine evidence-based PTSD treatment with intensive smoking cessation treatment to maximize quit rates in this at-risk population.
Cognitive processing therapy (CPT) is a well-established evidence-based treatment for PTSD. The investigators have successfully developed a treatment manual that integrates CPT with guideline-concordant cognitive-behavioral counseling for smoking cessation. Contingency management (CM) is an intensive behavioral treatment that has demonstrated efficacy for reducing smoking in a range of difficult-to-treat populations, including individuals with psychiatric disorders. CM provides positive reinforcers (e.g., vouchers, money) to individuals misusing substances contingent upon bioverified abstinence from drug use. The primary goal of the current study is to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention that combines clinic-based CM using twice weekly monitoring with salivary cotinine test strips, cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation counseling, smoking cessation medication, and evidence-based PTSD treatment. Proposed is a randomized, two-arm clinical trial in which 120 Veteran smokers with PTSD will be randomized to either: 1) COGNITIVE PROCESSING THERAPY with SMOKING ABSTINENCE REINFORCEMENT THERAPY (CPT-SMART) - an intervention that combines evidenced-based PTSD treatment with guideline-concordant cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation counseling, bupropion, and intensive behavioral therapy through CM; or 2) COMBINED CONTACT CONTROL: an intervention identical to CPT-SMART in PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring.
Specific aims include: AIM 1) To evaluate the efficacy of CPT-SMART on rates of short- and long-term abstinence from cigarettes (assessed with multiple measures including bioverified abstinence) measured at 1-week post-treatment, 4-months, and 6 months; AIM 2) To evaluate the impact of CPT-SMART on treatment engagement and utilization; and an EXPLORATORY AIM) To explore mechanisms of CPT-SMART on long-term smoking abstinence, including self-efficacy, salience of smoking, and psychiatric symptom reduction. The VA has already implemented CM for treatment of substance abuse. If shown efficacious, a combined PTSD treatment plus incentive-based approaches for smoking could be implemented into specialty PTSD programs. The positive public health impact of reducing smoking among Veterans with PTSD could be enormous as it would prevent significant smoking-related morbidity and mortality.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| CPT-SMART | Experimental | COGNITIVE PROCESSING THERAPY with SMOKING ABSTINENCE REINFORCEMENT THERAPY (CPT-SMART) - an intervention that combines evidence-based PTSD treatment with guideline-concordant cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation counseling, bupropion, and intensive behavioral therapy through CM. |
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| Combined Contact Yoked Control | Active Comparator | COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) | Behavioral | 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Whose Self-report of 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking is Bioverified | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 7 days. | 6 month follow-up, up to 7 months from baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Number of Participants Whose Self-report of 30 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking is Bioverified | 30-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 30 days. | 6 month follow-up, up to 7 months from baseline |
| Number of Participants Whose Self-report of 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking is Bioverified |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Eric A Dedert, PhD | Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Durham VA Medical Center, Durham, NC | Durham | North Carolina | 27705-3875 | United States |
We do not plan to attend individual participant data.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | CPT-SMART | COGNITIVE PROCESSING THERAPY with SMOKING ABSTINENCE REINFORCEMENT THERAPY (CPT-SMART) - an intervention that combines evidence-based PTSD treatment with guideline-concordant cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation counseling, bupropion, and intensive behavioral therapy through CM. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Smoking Abstinence Reinforcement Therapy: Monetary reinforcement for smoking abstinence that is bioverified by breath carbon monoxide and saliva samples. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Randomization to Post-Treatment |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Sep 5, 2024 |
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Randomized, two-arm clinical trial
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| Bupropion | Drug | All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. |
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| Cognitive Processing Therapy | Behavioral | 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. |
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| Smoking Abstinence Reinforcement Therapy | Behavioral | Monetary reinforcement for smoking abstinence that is bioverified by breath carbon monoxide and saliva samples. |
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| Yoked Contingency Management | Behavioral | Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
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7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 7 days. |
| 4 month follow-up, up to 5 months from baseline |
| Number of Participants Whose Self-report of 30 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking is Bioverified | 30-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 30 days. | 4 month follow-up, up to 5 months from baseline |
| Number of Participants Who Self-report Prolonged Abstinence | Prolonged abstinence is defined as 30 days abstinent. | 4 month follow-up, up to five months from baseline |
| Number of Participants Who Self-report Prolonged Abstinence | Prolonged abstinence is defined as 30 days abstinent. | 6 month follow-up, up to 7 months from baseline |
| Number of Participants Who Self-report Early Abstinence | Early abstinence is defined as 2 consecutive sessions abstinent in first month of quit attempt. | Measured at the post-treatment visit (2 weeks after treatment completed), up to 4.5 months from baseline |
| Number of Participants Who Attended Eight or More Sessions of Combined CPT and CBT for Smoking | Those who complete eight or more treatment sessions will be considered to have had an adequate treatment dose. | Measured at the post-treatment visit (2 weeks after treatment completed), up to 4.5 months from baseline |
| Number of Sessions Attended by Participants | The average number of treatment sessions attended by participants in each group will be considered a measure of treatment engagement. | Measured at the post-treatment visit (2 weeks after treatment completed), up to 4.5 months from baseline |
| FG001 | Combined Contact Yoked Control | COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
| COMPLETED |
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| NOT COMPLETED |
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| Post-Treatment to 4-Month Follow-Up |
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| 4-Month to 6-Month Follow-Up |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | CPT-SMART | COGNITIVE PROCESSING THERAPY with SMOKING ABSTINENCE REINFORCEMENT THERAPY (CPT-SMART) - an intervention that combines evidence-based PTSD treatment with guideline-concordant cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation counseling, bupropion, and intensive behavioral therapy through CM. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Smoking Abstinence Reinforcement Therapy: Monetary reinforcement for smoking abstinence that is bioverified by breath carbon monoxide and saliva samples. |
| BG001 | Combined Contact Yoked Control | COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Ethnicity (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Number of Participants Whose Self-report of 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking is Bioverified | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 7 days. | Based on participants who completed the 6-month follow-up. 5 participants were not included in this analysis due to missing data (4 from CPT-SMART group, 1 from CCYC) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow-up, up to 7 months from baseline |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants Whose Self-report of 30 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking is Bioverified | 30-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 30 days. | Based on participants who completed the 6-month follow-up. 7 participants were not included in this analysis due to missing data (5 from CPT-SMART group, 2 from CCYC) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow-up, up to 7 months from baseline |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Number of Participants Whose Self-report of 7 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking is Bioverified | 7-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 7 days. | Based on participants who completed the 4-month follow-up. 7 participants were not included in this analysis due to missing data (5 from CPT-SMART group, 2 from CCYC) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 4 month follow-up, up to 5 months from baseline |
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secondary | Number of Participants Whose Self-report of 30 Day Point Prevalence Abstinence From Smoking is Bioverified | 30-day point prevalence abstinence is defined as no smoking in the prior 30 days. | Based on participants who completed the 4-month follow-up. 12 participants were not included in this analysis due to missing data (8 from CPT-SMART group, 4 from CCYC) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 4 month follow-up, up to 5 months from baseline |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Self-report Prolonged Abstinence | Prolonged abstinence is defined as 30 days abstinent. | Based on participants who completed the 4-month follow-up. 14 participants were not included in this analysis due to missing data (9 from CPT-SMART group, 5 from CCYC) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 4 month follow-up, up to five months from baseline |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Self-report Prolonged Abstinence | Prolonged abstinence is defined as 30 days abstinent. | Based on participants who completed the 6-month follow-up. 6 participants were not included in this analysis due to missing data (4 from CPT-SMART group, 2 from CCYC) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | 6 month follow-up, up to 7 months from baseline |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Self-report Early Abstinence | Early abstinence is defined as 2 consecutive sessions abstinent in first month of quit attempt. | Based on participants who completed the post-treatment follow-up. 6 participants were not included in this analysis due to missing data (5 from CPT-SMART group, 1 from CCYC) | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Measured at the post-treatment visit (2 weeks after treatment completed), up to 4.5 months from baseline |
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| Secondary | Number of Participants Who Attended Eight or More Sessions of Combined CPT and CBT for Smoking | Those who complete eight or more treatment sessions will be considered to have had an adequate treatment dose. | Posted | Count of Participants | Participants | Measured at the post-treatment visit (2 weeks after treatment completed), up to 4.5 months from baseline |
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| Secondary | Number of Sessions Attended by Participants | The average number of treatment sessions attended by participants in each group will be considered a measure of treatment engagement. | Population includes all participants who began treatment. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | sessions | Measured at the post-treatment visit (2 weeks after treatment completed), up to 4.5 months from baseline |
|
6 months
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | CPT-SMART | COGNITIVE PROCESSING THERAPY with SMOKING ABSTINENCE REINFORCEMENT THERAPY (CPT-SMART) - an intervention that combines evidence-based PTSD treatment with guideline-concordant cognitive-behavioral smoking cessation counseling, bupropion, and intensive behavioral therapy through CM. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Smoking Abstinence Reinforcement Therapy: Monetary reinforcement for smoking abstinence that is bioverified by breath carbon monoxide and saliva samples. | 0 | 60 | 0 | 60 | 11 | 60 |
| EG001 | Combined Contact Yoked Control | COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. | 0 | 55 | 0 | 55 | 16 | 55 |
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| Term | Organ System | Source Vocabulary | Assessment Type | Notes | Statistical Information |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bad taste in mouth/dry mouth | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| headache | General disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| increased mood or anxiety symptoms | Psychiatric disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| dizziness | Nervous system disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| insomnia/nightmares | Psychiatric disorders | Non-systematic Assessment |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Angela Kirby | Durham VA Health Care System | 919-824-7729 | angela.kirby5@va.gov |
| Jun 2, 2026 |
| Prot_SAP_001.pdf |
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Mar 20, 2024 | Jul 8, 2025 | ICF_000.pdf |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012907 | Smoking |
| D013313 | Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D040921 | Stress Disorders, Traumatic |
| D000068099 | Trauma and Stressor Related Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016642 | Bupropion |
| C000708228 | 2-cyclohexylidenhydrazo-4-phenyl-thiazole |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011427 | Propiophenones |
| D007659 | Ketones |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
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| Male |
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| Not Hispanic or Latino |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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| Asian |
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| Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander |
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| Black or African American |
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| White |
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| More than one race |
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| Unknown or Not Reported |
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| OG001 |
| Combined Contact Yoked Control |
COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
|
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| OG001 |
| Combined Contact Yoked Control |
COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
|
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| OG001 |
| Combined Contact Yoked Control |
COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
|
|
| Combined Contact Yoked Control |
COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
|
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| Combined Contact Yoked Control |
COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
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| OG001 | Combined Contact Yoked Control | COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
|
|
COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
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| Combined Contact Yoked Control |
COMBINED CONTACT YOKED CONTROL (CCYC) - an intervention that is identical to CPT-SMART for PTSD and smoking treatment, except for using non-contingent payment (i.e., yoked CM) to control for compensation and monitoring. Smoking Cessation Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT): 12 sessions of cognitive behavioral therapy for smoking cessation, designed to help participants prepare for quitting smoking, make a quit attempt, and stay quit from smoking. Bupropion: All medically eligible participants will be prescribed bupropion to begin 7 days before the quit date and continued through 12 weeks post-quit. Participants will be scheduled to begin at 150mg/day of bupropion for at least 3 days before titrating up to 300mg/day dose of bupropion. Cognitive Processing Therapy: 12 sessions of CPT, which is a well-established trauma-focused psychotherapy for PTSD that has demonstrated efficacy and effectiveness in Veterans. Yoked Contingency Management: Participants in the yoked control will receive the monetary reinforcement of their yoked participant regardless of smoking abstinence or session attendance. |
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