The best treatment strategy for refractory DME is not known, options include switching between anti-VEGF agents, corticosteroids, and vitrectomy. In this study, authors describe a new surgical technique for the treatment of refractory non tractional DME. The technique consists of vitrectomy with ILM peeling with subretinal injection of Ranibizumab.

Purpose: In this study, authors describe a new surgical technique for the treatment of refractory DME. The technique consists of vitrectomy with ILM peeling with subretinal injection of Ranibizumab.

Methods: This is a prospective interventional non-comparative study including patients with refractory DME. Included patients were subjected to the new surgical technique of pars plana vitrectomy with sub-retinal injection of Ranibizumab.

Inclusion Criteria:

• refractory diffuse non tractional DME.
• Central retinal thickness (CRT) should exceed 350 µm despite undergoing multiple anti-VEGF therapy.
• Decimal best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) must be ≥0.01 and ≤0.5.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous vitrectomy, recent cataract surgery less than 6 months,
• evident RPE atrophy, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, massive foveal hard exudation, foveal traction on OCT,
• glaucoma and one eyed patients.

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