Patient received neural gliding exercises in addition electrotehrapy sessions.

Patient received only electrotherapy sessions

Neural gliding exercises: In addition to the Electrotherapy procedure, patients were asked to actively perform knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion and head extension in the slumped posture followed by simultaneous ankle plantar flexion together with knee and head flexion (10 repetitions in 1 minute). Patients performed the exercises under a home-based program for 5 days of the week during a total period of 3 weeks.

Electrotherapy sessions: Local Hot Pack (30 minutes), Chattanoga™ TENS (20 minutes, 80-180 Hz frequency, 50-100 wavelength) and Chattanoga™ ultrasound (1 Mhz frequency, 3 W/cm2 3 minutes) were applied for 5 days per week during a total period of 3 weeks. Subjects in ETG did not do any other exercise approach.

The VAS was used to assess the participants' pain levels. In the VAS, patients are asked to mark the severity of their pain on a scale from 0 to 10. The VAS ranges from '0' representing no pain and '10' representing the worst pain.

The self-completed questionnaire contains ten topics concerning intensity of pain, lifting, ability to care for oneself, ability to walk, ability to sit, sexual function, ability to stand, social life, sleep quality, and ability to travel. Each topic category is followed by 6 statements describing different potential scenarios in the patient's life relating to the topic. The patient then checks the statement which most closely resembles their situation. Each question is scored on a scale of 0-5 with the first statement being zero and indicating the least amount of disability and the last statement is scored 5 indicating most severe disability. The scores for all questions answered are summed, then multiplied by two to obtain the index (range 0 to 100). Zero is equated with no disability and 100 is the maximum disability possible.