This study assesses clinical outcomes following the use of the MvIGS spine navigation system for treatment of spinal stenosis and degenerative spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine in adults. There will be separate study arms for cases utilizing the three-dimensional (3D) MvIGS spine navigation system and cases that utilize conventional two-dimensional (2D) fluoroscopy.

This is a single center, randomized, prospective cohort study to comparatively evaluate the implementation of the MvIGS spine navigation system to conventional 2D fluoroscopy for pedicle screw fixation for the treatment of spinal stenosis with degenerative spondylolisthesis of the lumbar spine. Fluoroscopy and the MvIGS navigation system are both intraoperative imaging options available to aid spine surgeons.

Fluoroscopy uses X-rays to obtain images of patient anatomy. The MvIGS spine navigation system provides patient specific, high quality intraoperative imaging with no radiation exposure. After the spine is exposed, intraoperative images are obtained using visible light then registered to the patient's preoperative computed tomography scan. Use of the proprietary integrated surgical light with embedded tracking technology and Instant Flash™ registration allows for continuous and direct visualization of the surgical field without disturbing surgeon workflow.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diagnosis of spinal stenosis of the lumbar spine with ≤ grade 2 degenerative spondylolisthesis
• Skeletally mature adults between the ages of 18-85 years at the time of surgery
• Has completed at least 6 months of conservative therapy
• Personally signed and dated informed consent document prior to any study-related procedures indicating that the patient has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• Gross instability, defined as > 3 mm translational motion on flexion/extension studies
• Degenerative spondylolisthesis > grade 2
• Degenerative scoliosis > 10° at any level in lumbar spine
• Congenital lumbar spinal stenosis
• Endplate changes
• Visible change in disc height
• Radiographic confirmation of facet joint disease or degeneration
• Prior surgery at any lumbar level including the level being treated except for: Lamino/Foraminotomy, Microdiscectomy, IDET, and Percutaneous Discectomy
• Any evidence of a prior/current fracture, compromised vertebra, current or past trauma, or tumor at affected level or the spinous processes at the adjacent levels
• Requires destabilizing surgical decompression that adversely affects the functioning of the facets
• Cauda equina syndrome defined as neural compression causing neurogenic bowel (rectal incontinence) or bladder dysfunction (bladder retention or incontinence)
• Significant peripheral neuropathy or acute denervation secondary to radiculopathy, caused by conditions other than spinal stenosis
• Significant peripheral vascular disease (diminished dorsalis pedis or tibial pulses)
• Morbid obesity, defined as BMI > 40 kg/m2
• Active systemic or local infection
• Active Hepatitis (receiving medical treatment within two years)
• Immunocompromised such as but not limited to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), HIV infection, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Thymic Hypoplasia
• Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or any other medical condition(s) that would represent a significant increase in surgical risk or interfere with normal healing
• Immunologically suppressed, or has received systemic steroids, excluding nasal steroids, at any dose daily for > 1 month within last 12 months
• History of Paget's disease, osteomalacia, or any other metabolic bone disease
• Active malignancy. A patient with a history of any invasive malignancy (except nonmelanoma skin cancer), unless treated with curative intent and there has been no clinical signs or symptoms of the malignancy >5 years
• Involved in study of another investigational product that may affect outcome
• Women who are pregnant, lactating or anticipate becoming pregnant within 24 months post-surgery
• Patients who are incarcerated
• Worker's compensation cases
• Patients involved in active litigation relating to his/her spinal condition

Participants who did not complete the study, did not undergo a spinal procedure and were therefore, excluded from the baseline analysis population. The total number of baseline participants are those who underwent a spinal procedure.

AEs were monitored throughout the study period, specifically, during surgery, immediately after surgery, and prior to patient discharge. Patients were monitored from discharge to their 6-month follow-up appointment, where any AEs during this timeframe will be assessed for a relationship to the patient's participation in the study, and if related, will be reported.

An Adverse Event (AE) is any untoward medical occurrence in a clinical study patient. All AEs will be recorded in this study. An AE can be any unfavorable and unintended sign, symptom, or disease regardless of the relationship to the product.