This is a randomized clinical trial investigating the utility of apneic oxygenation via high flow nasal cannulae during airway management for infants general anaesthesia. Three groups will be compared, a control group at 0 L/min, a 0,2L/Kg/min and a 1L/Kg/min group. The primary outcome will be the time (in seconds) between onset of apnea and one of theses end-points : desaturation (SPO2 <95%) or Airway management completed.

Airway management can be a life saving therapy. One major complication that may occur during airway management is a lack of oxygen in the blood, especially in peadiatric population, due to anatomical and physiological considerations. If severe or prolonged, this lack of oxygen can result in permanent brain damage, damage to other vital organs or even death. Pre-oxygenation prior to induction of anaesthesia is standard practice to prevent desaturation and hypoxemia. Apnoeic oxygenation in adults is effective and prolongs the time to desaturation. Apneic oxygenation is a novel method of delivering oxygen to a patient despite a lack of active respiration (i.e. the patient is not breathing on their own and the investigators are not providing the patient an artificial breath). The simplest and least invasive method to provide apneic oxygenation is the application of oxygen through nasal cannula during airway management. The effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation in the adult is well document, especially in bariatric population or ICU, however only few study are interesting about pediatric population. Recent studies suggest that high flow is similar to low flow oxygenotherapy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of apnoeic oxygenation during airway management in infants.

This is a randomized clinical trial investigating the utility of apneic oxygenation via high flow nasal cannula during airway management for infant's general anesthesia. Three groups will be compared, a control group at 0 L/min, a 0,2L/Kg/min and a 1L/Kg/min group. The primary outcome will be the time (in seconds) between onset of apnea and one of these end-points : desaturation (SPO2 <95%) or Airway management completed.

All infants included will receive french actual standard of care concerning general anesthesia and peri-operative medicine.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Infants Between 0 (post-conceptionnal age >41 weeks post Amenorrhea) and 24 months of life
• Scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia
• Need of orotracheal Intubation by direct laryngoscopy or Video-laryngoscopy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Emergency surgery
• Crush Induction needed
• High clinical risk of difficult airway management
• Premature before 1 month of life

At each participating center, patients will be followed up for primary and secondary endpoints by members of the research staff who will be unaware of the trial group allocation. Information on whether the primary and secondary outcomes occur will be collected and entered into the electronic web-based case report form (eCRF) by trial or clinical trained personal (clinical research associate), blinded to the allocation group, under the supervision of the local principal investigator (PI) or designee who will also be unaware of the trial group allocation.

Finally, the independent trial statistician and the members of the data monitoring and safety committee (DMSC) will also remain blinded for the allocation during analysis.