Written Exposure Therapy Versus Prolonged Exposure: a Non-inferiority Trial

An Efficient, Exposure-based Treatment for PTSD Compared to Prolonged Exposure: A Non-inferiority Randomized Trial

The goal of this study is to examine whether a brief, exposure-based treatment (Written Exposure Therapy) approach is just as effective in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) compared with a more commonly used time-intensive approach called Prolonged Exposure. One hundred and fifty Veterans diagnosed with PTSD will be randomly assigned to either Written Exposure therapy or Prolonged Exposure. Veteran participants will be assessed at pre-treatment, and 10-, 20-, and 30- weeks post first treatment session. Primary outcome measure will be PTSD symptom severity. The secondary outcome measure will be quality of life. In addition, treatment dropout during the first five sessions will be examined. WET is expected to have a lower treatment dropout rate relative to PE.

Although Written Exposure Therapy (WET) is listed in the upcoming VA/DoD PTSD Practice Guidelines as an evidence-based, recommended PTSD treatment, there are limited data supporting the use of WET with Veterans suffering from PTSD. Additional research is needed to support the use of WET for the treatment of Veterans diagnosed with PTSD. The goal of this study is to investigate whether WET is non-inferior in the treatment of PTSD in a sample of Veterans diagnosed with PTSD. Men and women Veterans diagnosed with PTSD will be randomly assigned to either WET (n = 88) or Prolonged Exposure (PE; n = 90). PTSD symptom severity will serve as the primary outcome. Quality of life will serve as a secondary outcome measure. Assessments will be conducted by independent evaluators at baseline, 10-, 20-, and 20-week post first treatment session. WET is expected to be non-inferior to PE in reducing PTSD symptom severity and functioning. In addition, WET is expected to have significantly lower treatment dropout rate relative to the first five sessions of PE (i.e., better treatment engagement). If WET is found to be non-inferior to the more time intensive PE treatment then the VA will have evidence to support the use of a brief PTSD treatment, which will assist in addressing the high demand for PTSD clinical services.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Veteran status
• Current DSM-5 diagnosis of PTSD (assessed with the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5; CAPS-5)
• If taking psychotropic medication, on a stable dose for at least 30 days prior to study entry

Exclusion Criteria:

• Current engagement psychosocial treatment for PTSD

• Current diagnosis of substance dependence

  • abuse will not be excluded; determined with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID)

• Current psychosis or unstable bipolar disorder diagnosis

  • determined with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI)clinician-administered interview

• High suicidal risk

  • i.e., intent with a plan; assessed with the MINI suicide module

• Significant cognitive impairment (assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] and clinical judgment)