This early phase I trial studies how well glucarpidase works in reducing toxicity in patients with osteosarcoma receiving high dose methotrexate treatment. Glucarpidase may reduce the levels of methotrexate in patients' blood and lead to shorter hospitalizations and a reduction in toxicities.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE:

I. To determine the rate of completion of 4 planned high dose methotrexate (HDMTX) doses when glucarpidase is administered after each dose.

SECONDARY OBJECTIVES:

I. To assess the length of hospital stay (LOS) associated with methotrexate (MTX) clearance following administration of glucarpidase 24 hours after HDMTX.

II. To assess the LOS associated with all causes following administration of glucarpidase 24 hours after HDMTX.

III. To assess the impact of glucarpidase administration on HDMTX efficacy. IV. To assess the safety and tolerability of 4 doses of HDMTX administered with glucarpidase in an adult osteosarcoma population.

V. To assess the efficacy of glucarpidase flat dose of 1,000 units.

OUTLINE:

Patients receive standard of care HDMTX intravenously (IV) over 4 hours on day 1 of weeks 4, 5, 9, and 10. After 24 and 48 hours after the start of each HDMTX infusion, patients also receive glucarpidase IV over 5 minutes in the absence of disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Additionally, patients undergo blood sample collection throughout the study.

After completion of study treatment, patients are followed up for 32 weeks.

Inclusion Criteria:

• All races and ethnic groups will be eligible

  • A minimum of 6 individuals aged >= 40 years will be enrolled. These participants are considered high-risk.

• Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance score 0-2.

• Participants must have pathologically confirmed diagnosis of osteosarcoma. Participants must be newly diagnosed and previously untreated, although initiation of doxorubicin/cisplatin prior to enrollment is permitted.

• Participants must have a recommended treatment plan for their osteosarcoma that includes planned MTX treatment at 8-12 g/m^2.

• Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >= 1,000/mm^3 (or >= 1.0 x 10^9/L).

• Platelet count 75,000/mm^3 (or >= 75 x 10^9/L).

• Hemoglobin >= 8 g/dL.

• Serum creatinine =< 1.5 x the upper limit of normal (ULN), or glomerular filtration rate (GFR) >= 60 ml/min/1.73 m^2 as calculated by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) formula.

• Total serum bilirubin =< 2 x ULN.

• Serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) =< 2.5 x ULN.

• Participants must be willing to use appropriate contraception for the duration of study treatment and four months after completing HDMTX therapy.

• Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Malignant disease, other than those being treated in this study. Exceptions to this exclusion include the following:

  • Malignancies that were treated curatively and have not recurred within 2 years after completion of treatment;
  • Completely resected basal cell and squamous cell skin cancers;
  • Any malignancy considered to be indolent and that has never required therapy;
  • Completely resected carcinoma in situ of any type.

• Participants with rapidly progressive disease or organ dysfunction that would prevent them from receiving planned HDMTX treatment regimen.

• Previous MTX treatment at doses >= 3 g/m^2.

• Previous treatment with glucarpidase.

• Known clinically significant liver disease defined as ongoing drug-induced liver injury, chronic active hepatitis C (HCV), chronic active hepatitis B (HBV), alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, extrahepatic obstruction caused by cholelithiasis, cirrhosis of the liver, portal hypertension, or history of autoimmune hepatitis. Patients who have completed curative therapy for HCV are eligible. Patients with known history of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are eligible.

• Participants with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to study agent or its excipients.

• Participants with a history of hypersensitivity to Escherichia (E.)coli-derived proteins.

• Participants with large pleural or ascitic fluid collection.

• Participant is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial, starting with the screening visit through 120 days after the last dose of trial treatment.

• Uncontrolled intercurrent illness, or psychiatric illness/social situations that, in the opinion of the investigator, would limit compliance with study requirement, substantially increase risk of incurring AEs or compromise the ability of the patient to give written informed consent.

• Unable or unwilling to discontinue use of agents that interact significantly with methotrexate metabolism or excretion.