Chronic pain patients with implanted dorsal root ganglion stimulators will be randomized to receive transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to the motor cortex, magneto-encephalographically (MEG) localized stimulation or sham stimulation to identify therapeutic efficacy of paired central and peripheral neuromodulation.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are willing and able to give consent to the study.
• Male or Female, aged 18 years or above with diagnoses of chronic pain.
• Treatment includes Spinal Cord Stimulation, Dorsal Root Ganglion stimulation, or peripheral analgesic stimulation.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who do not wish to be in the study.
• Patients with metallic intracranial implants.
• Patients with extreme language barrier that cannot understand the purpose of the study despite the use of an interpreter

Patient diagnoses and demographics will be shared but identities kept anonymous