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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Liverpool John Moores University | OTHER |
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Sedentary behaviour of healthy subjects may have a detrimental impact on cerebral blood flow as well as cognitive measures related to mood and alertness. In this study we focus on the impact of leaving the desk to consume a cup of tea at regular intervals during a sedentary working day.
Prolonged desk work has detrimental impact on cerebral blood flow as well as cognitive measures related to mood and alertness caused. These effects might be prevented by taking short breaks with physical activity. Usually, desk workers have short breaks during office times for either a visit to the restroom or to enjoy for a moment a (hot) drink. Consumption of tea has been associated with benefits related to attention, alertness, mood and creativity. This study focuses on the impact of physically leaving the desk to prepare and consume a cup of tea at regular intervals during a sedentary working day.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tea-water | Experimental | Tea before water |
|
| Water-tea | Experimental | Water before tea |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tea | Other | Subjects walk to a nearby area and prepare a cup of 150 ml tea once every hour. The tea is consumed whilst being seated at their desks. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in cerebrovascular perfusion of tea versus water | Cerebrovascular perfusion measured as middle cerebral artery velocity | Immediately before and immediately after each of the two 6-hour interventions. The 'before' results will be added to the mixed model as a covariate. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in cerebrovascular auto-regulation gain of tea versus water | Dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation is assessed via squat-stand manoeuvres performed to elicit oscillations in blood pressure within the high-pass filter frequency range (<0.20 Hz) of the cerebrovascular. Squat-stand cycles are performed at 0.2 Hz (2.5-seconds squatting, followed by 2.5-seconds standing) and at 0.1 Hz (5-seconds squatting, followed by 5-seconds standing) for 5-minutes each, separated by a 5-minute rest. Transfer function analysis is conducted on the beat-to-beat blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity mean signals to produce values of gain (damping effect of Cerebrovascular autoregulation on the magnitude of blood pressure oscillations). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Difference in PANAS of tea versus water | Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) questionnaire consisting of a list of ten positive and ten negative feelings and emotions. Participants rate the extent to which they are feeling each emotion, on a scale from 1 (very slightly or not at all) to 5 (extremely). | Immediately before and immediately after each of the two 6-hour interventions. The 'before' results will be added to the mixed model as a covariate. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dick Thijssen, prof | Liverpool John Moores University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Moores University | Liverpool | United Kingdom |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013662 | Tea |
| D014867 | Water |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D028321 | Plant Preparations |
| D001688 | Biological Products |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
| D001628 | Beverages |
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Randomised, full cross-over study
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Person doing the statistical analyses will blinded to the treatments
| Water | Other | 150 ml water is served to subjects once every hour. The water is consumed whilst being seated at their desks. |
|
| Immediately before and immediately after each of the two 6-hour interventions. The 'before' results will be added to the mixed model as a covariate. |
| Difference in cerebrovascular auto-regulation phase of tea versus water | Dynamic cerebrovascular autoregulation is assessed via squat-stand manoeuvres performed to elicit oscillations in blood pressure within the high-pass filter frequency range (<0.20 Hz) of the cerebrovascular. Squat-stand cycles are performed at 0.2 Hz (2.5-seconds squatting, followed by 2.5-seconds standing) and at 0.1 Hz (5-seconds squatting, followed by 5-seconds standing) for 5-minutes each, separated by a 5-minute rest. Transfer function analysis is conducted on the beat-to-beat blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity mean signals to produce values of phase (temporal relationship between changes in blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity). | Immediately before and immediately after each of the two 6-hour interventions. The 'before' results will be added to the mixed model as a covariate. |
| Difference in cerebrovascular auto-regulation coherence of tea versus water | Dynamic cerebrovascular auto-regulation is assessed via squat-stand manoeuvres performed to elicit oscillations in blood pressure within the high-pass filter frequency range (<0.20 Hz) of the cerebrovascular. Squat-stand cycles are performed at 0.2 Hz (2.5-seconds squatting, followed by 2.5-seconds standing) and at 0.1 Hz (5-seconds squatting, followed by 5-seconds standing) for 5-minutes each, separated by a 5-minute rest. Transfer function analysis is conducted on the beat-to-beat blood pressure and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity mean signals to produce values of coherence (linearity of the relationship between the changes in middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity and blood pressure). | Immediately before and immediately after each of the two 6-hour interventions. The 'before' results will be added to the mixed model as a covariate. |
| Difference in Bond-Lader of tea versus water | Bond-Lader questionnaire: 16 adjective pairs with a 100mm line in between. Three sub-scales will be calculated: Alertness, Contentedness and Calmness. | Immediately before and immediately after each of the two 6-hour interventions. The 'before' results will be added to the mixed model as a covariate. |
| Difference in affect of tea versus water | Affect grid. Two dimensional grid of 19x19 cells scoring pleasure and arousal | Before (0) and at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 hours during tea and water interventions. Both dimensions will be tested in a repeated measures linear mixed model. The treatment effect is the difference in the least square means of tea versus water. |
| D000066888 |
| Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
| D006878 | Hydroxides |
| D000468 | Alkalies |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D000838 | Anions |
| D007477 | Ions |
| D004573 | Electrolytes |
| D010087 | Oxides |
| D017601 | Oxygen Compounds |