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Pain is popular among working population and it is a strong predictor of poor quality of life. In this study, an internet-delivered pain education program will be provided to working adults aims at helping patients equip with pain-related knowledge and useful skills and evaluate the effectiveness of the internet-delivered program. Participants will be recruited follow snowball sampling and will be randomly allocated to experimental group and control group by 1:1 ratio. The internet-delivered pain education will last for 4 weeks with one-month follow-up. Basic knowledge of pain, pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment and related resources will be introduced in the program. Pain intensity, pain-related disability, anxiety, depression and self-efficacy will be measured in baseline post-treatment and at one-month follow-up. Acceptability and satisfaction to the program will also collected.
Participants' eligibility will be accessed based on the following details:
1. Inclusion criteria:
2. Exclusion criteria
The outcome measures will be considered in four aspects, physical, psychological, psycho-social using a battery of questionnaires which were used in the previous similar studies and evaluation to the program will be measured by asking several questions. As the study will be conducted in China, all the questionnaires will use Chinese version.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group | Experimental | Online pain education program will be accessible by the intervention group |
|
| Control group | No Intervention | No intervention for the control group, only one-page simple material related to pain will be provided. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Online pain education program | Other | Online pain education program |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Pain intensity and pain interference | Changes from baseline to Week 4 and one-month after the intervention in pain intensity and pain interference using Brief Pain Inventory | Baseline, Week 4, one-month after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Depression, Anxiety and Stress | Changes from baseline to Week 4 and one-month after the intervention in depression, anxiety and stress using Depression Anxiety Stress Scale - 21 Scale (DASS-21). The DASS-21 is a set of three self-reported scales designed to measure the emotional states of depression, anxiety and stress. Each of the three DASS-21 scales contains 7 items and divided into subscales. The score of each item ranges feom 0 to 3 (o = do not apply to me at all, 3 = applied to me very much or most of the time). Total score is multiplied by 2 of the sum of each subscales. Higher score indicates the greater degree of the symptom. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mimi Tse, PhD | Contact | 852-27666541 | mimi.tse@polyu.edu.hk |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Mimi Tse, PhD | The Hong Kong Polytechnic University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| School of Nursing | Recruiting | Hung Hom | Kowloon | Hong Kong |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 31934865 | Derived | Li Y, Tse MYM. An Online Pain Education Program for Working Adults: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Med Internet Res. 2020 Jan 14;22(1):e15071. doi: 10.2196/15071. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059350 | Chronic Pain |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| Baseline, Week 4, one-month after intervention |
| Pain self-efficacy | Changes from baseline to Week 4 and one-month after the intervention in pain self-efficacy using Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ). PSEQ is a 10-item questionnaire assessing the confidence people with ongoing pain have in performing activities while in pain. Score of each item ranges from 0 to 6 (0 = not at all confident, 6 = completely confident). A total score is calculated by adding the scores for each item which ranging from 0 to 60. Higher scores reflect stronger self-efficacy beliefs. | Baseline, Week 4, one-month after intervention |
| Participant's Satisfaction and acceptability to the program | Participants satisfaction and acceptability to the online pain education program will be assessed at post-treatment by several questions, including "do you think this online pain education program useful?" "does it worth your time following the program?" "would you feel confident to recommend this program to others?" Participants are required to answer the questions by "Yes" or "No". Open-ended question "what are the advantages and disadvantages of the program?" will also be asked. These questions have in the previous studies to assess the acceptability and satisfaction to the internet-delivered program. | Week 4 |