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Intracranial arteriovenous shunts (ICAVS) in young children are characterized by frequent high-flow fistulas. In association with high-flow fistulas and the physiological condition of the developing brain and heart, each ICAVS type tends to present at a certain age with unique symptoms.
Vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) and dural sinus malformation with arteriovenous (AV) shunt tend to present in the neonate with high output cardiac failure. In infancy, VGAM, pial arteriovenous fistula (AVF) and infantile dural AVF (DAVF) tend to present with hydrodynamic disorder such as macrocephaly, ventriculomegaly, prominent facial veins, and developmental delay.
Pial AVF, AV malformation, and infantile DAVF can present with focal neurological signs such as seizure or hemorrhage at older ages they are in the subpial space, as opposed to VGAM or DAVF, which are extrapial in location and tend to present with systemic symptoms .
Endovascular treatment is currently the first choice of treatment for most pediatric ICAVS. The treatment goal should be defined on a patient-by-patient basis, according to the unique physiological condition of the child.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| endovascular embolization | Experimental | patients under the age of 18 years with arteriovenous shunts manifested by systemic or neurological manifestations will undergo endovascular embolization |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| endovascular embolization | Procedure | Transarterial embolization is done for patients with arteriovenous shunts as via transfemoral access using flow-guided microcatheter and an embolic agent is injected. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Independent clinical outcome changes | The changes in clinical condition of the patients will be assessed before and after treatment using modified Rankin scale, as the scale runs from 0-6, running from perfect health without symptoms to death. 0 - No symptoms.
| within one week after treatment |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Radiological outcome: | CT angiography or MR angiography will be done to show complete or in complete occlusion of the AV shunt | Immediate post treatment and at 6 and 12 months post treatment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Osama Ramadan, master | Assiut University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of medicine | Asyut | 71515 | Egypt |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001165 | Arteriovenous Malformations |
| D001164 | Arteriovenous Fistula |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D054079 | Vascular Malformations |
| D018376 | Cardiovascular Abnormalities |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
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| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D016157 | Vascular Fistula |
| D005402 | Fistula |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |