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Once written consent is obtained, the participant will be provided with an accelerometer to be worn for 7 days to assess current physical activity levels. Subjects will be provided with a standardized diet (55/15/30% CHO/PRO/FAT) prior to collection of pre-intervention data of insulin sensitivity. Individuals will then participate in an 8-week electrical stimulation intervention (30min/day, 3x/week) and randomized into placebo/control, NMES, resistance training combined with NMES (RT +NMES), or resistance training (RT) group (n=15 per group), followed by collection of post-intervention data. The control group will receive electrical stimulation up to sensory level, the NMES group will receive stimulation up to tolerable intensity to induce visible muscle contraction, the RT+ NMES will receive stimulation up to tolerable intensity during resistance training, and the RT group will only receive exercise training. Pre-and post-intervention data includes measurements for body composition, resting metabolic rate, VO2max, insulin sensitivity, and comprehensive blood work.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Placebo Comparator | Participants will receive stimulation only up to sensory level. |
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| NMES | Experimental | Participants will receive stimulation up to maximum tolerable level. |
|
| Resistance Training | Placebo Comparator | Participants will receive exercise training with stimulation up to sensory level. |
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| Resistance Training + NMES | Experimental | Participants will receive exercise training with stimulation up to maximum tolerable intensity. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (Sensory) | Device | Group will receive Electrical Stimulation up to sensory level |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glycemic Control | Insulin Sensitivity will be measured through repeated blood sampling during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test and Continuous Glucose Monitoring | 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Respiratory Exchange Ratio | Respiratory Exchange Ratio will be used to quantify substrate utilization (fats vs carbohydrates) through the use of indirect calorimetry of in vivo gas exchange | 8 Weeks |
| Amount of lean mass |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sudip Bajpeyi, PhD | Contact | 9157475461 | sbajpeyi@utep.edu |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Texas at El Paso | Recruiting | El Paso | Texas | 79968 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 40721518 | Derived | Apaflo JN, Narvaez G, Tomy IJ, Mossayebi A, Fatahimeiabadi Z, McAinch AJ, Thyfault JP, Min K, Jung H, Wagler AE, Bajpeyi S. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation enhances glycemic control and carbohydrate utilization in sedentary, predominantly Hispanic overweight or obese individuals with hyperglycemia. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2026 Jan;126(1):469-477. doi: 10.1007/s00421-025-05907-x. Epub 2025 Jul 28. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D055070 | Resistance Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005081 | Exercise Therapy |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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| Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation | Device | Group will receive Electrical Stimulation up to maximum tolerable level |
|
|
| Resistance Training | Other | Group will receive exercise training. |
|
Amount of lean mass will be measured by dual energy x-ray absortiometry
| 8 Weeks |
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D026741 | Physical Therapy Modalities |
| D064797 | Physical Conditioning, Human |
| D015444 | Exercise |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| D009068 | Movement |
| D009142 | Musculoskeletal Physiological Phenomena |
| D055687 | Musculoskeletal and Neural Physiological Phenomena |