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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| R01HL142051 | U.S. NIH Grant/Contract | View source |
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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) | NIH |
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This study will test the effect of race-based social rejection on polysomnography derived sleep outcomes and nocturnal cardiovascular psychophysiology in a sample of 80 African Americans and 80 Caucasian Americans. The investigators will test group differences on these outcomes as well as within subjects by testing impact of rejection compared to a non-rejection control night in the sleep laboratory.
African Americans (AA) are disproportionally burdened by cardiovascular disease compared to Caucasian Americans (CA). Poor sleep, which is more common among AA, may serve as an important pathway in understanding these disparities. Race-based rejection has been cross-sectionally related to poor sleep and negative cardiovascular outcomes. To test the links between social experiences and sleep, participants will spend two nights in the sleep laboratory. One night will be a control night where participants complete low arousal tasks prior to bedtime. On a second night, the investigators will randomize 80 AA and 80 CA to either race-based social rejection (i.e., being rejected by an out-group member) or same-race social rejection prior to bedtime to test the causal influences of race-based rejection on objective sleep parameters, measured using polysomnography, and nocturnal cardiovascular functioning. The investigators will test group differences on these outcomes as well as within subjects by testing impact of rejection compared to a non-rejection control night in the sleep laboratory. The order of the control and rejection task night will be counterbalanced.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Social rejection by in-group | Experimental | One hour prior to bed, participants will be exposed to a social rejection paradigm that includes a computerized ball-tossing game (Cyberball) and a speech task. Participants are made to believe that they are being rejected by someone of their own race/ethnicity (e.g., African American rejected by another African American). |
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| Social rejection by out-group | Experimental | One hour prior to bed, participants will be exposed to a social rejection paradigm that includes a computerized ball-tossing game (Cyberball) and a speech task. Participants are made to believe that they are being rejected by someone not of their own race/ethnicity (e.g., Caucasian American rejected by another African American). |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Social rejection | Behavioral | Social rejection paradigm |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in sleep onset latency, as determined by polysomnography | Sleep onset latency is the time (in minutes) from "lights out" to sleep onset on the nights following the social rejection task and the control task laboratory to onset of sleep, as measured via polysomnography | Assessed on the night of the social rejection task and compared to the control task night; it is anticipated that these nights will take place consecutively |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in minutes of wake after sleep onset (WASO), as determined by polysomnography | Number of minutes awake once sleep is initiated, measured via polysomnography on the nights following the social rejection task and the control task | Assessed on the night of the social rejection task and the night of the control task; it is anticipated that these nights will take place consecutively |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Aric A Prather, PhD | University of California, San Francisco | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of California, San Francisco | San Francisco | California | 94118 | United States |
Our plan is to make all processed data available at the conclusion of the study in line with NIH guidelines
All processed data should be available within 5 years of completion of the study
Consistent with NIH guidelines
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All participants will complete two nights in the sleep laboratory. One night will be a non-rejection control night. The other night will be a rejection task night. In this regard, African American and Caucasian American participants will be randomized to one of two conditions. All participants will be exposed to social rejection prior to bedtime; however, they will either be rejected by a person of their own race (in-group member) or a different race (out-group member)
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Participants will be blind to condition until the debriefing, which occurs the morning following the social-rejection task.
| Change in total sleep time, as determined by polysomnography | Total number of minutes scored as sleep, measured via polysomnography on the nights following the social rejection task and the control task | Assessed on the night of the social rejection task and the night of the control task; it is anticipated that these nights will take place consecutively |
| Change in pre-ejection period (PEP) in response to rejection task | Pre-ejection period is measured via impedance cardiography, averaged over a 5-minute baseline period and in the minutes during the rejection task | Baseline to Post-rejection task, anticipated average of 30 minutes |
| Change in heart rate variability (HRV) in response to rejection task | Heart rate variability is measured via EKG, averaged over a 5-minute baseline period and in the minutes during the rejection task | Baseline to Post-rejection task, anticipated average of 30 minutes |
| Change in nocturnal heart rate variability | Heart rate variability is measured via EKG, beginning at "lights out" and collected across the night following the rejection task and control task; it is anticipated that the two nights will occur consecutively. | Assessed on the night of the social rejection task and the night of the control task; it is anticipated that these nights will take place consecutively |
| Change in nocturnal pre-ejection period | Pre-ejection period will be measured by impedance cardiography, beginning at "lights out" and collected across the night following the rejection task and control task; it is anticipated that the two nights will occur consecutively. | Assessed on the night of the social rejection task and the night of the control task; it is anticipated that the two nights will occur consecutively |