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The prevalence of US adults with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is over 34%, impacting nearly 35% of all adults and 50% of those aged 60 years or older. MetS is characterized as a combination of underlying risk factors that when, occurring together, increase the risk for chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease, stroke, and certain types of cancer, resulting in an 1.6-fold increase in mortality. According the American Heart Association, health risks associated with Metabolic Syndrome can be significantly reduced by reducing body weight and eating a diet that is rich in whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Potatoes (e.g. skin-on white potatoes) are an excellent source of potassium, vitamin C, and vitamin B6 and a good source of magnesium and dietary fiber. In addition, the potato has greater dry matter and protein per unit growing area compared with cereals. Despite this, consumers tend to believe that potatoes are high in calories and in fat compared with other carbohydrate sources such as rice or pasta, an incorrect assumption since a potato has negligible fat and a low energy density similar to legumes. Data from short-term nutrition intervention trials, suggest that potatoes consumed as part of a low-glycemic load meal can play a role in the prevention or treatment of MetS. However, the impact of long-term potato consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors associated with MetS is not known. Therefore, there is a critical need to determine if regular (> 4 times per week) potato consumption can improve cardiometabolic health in individuals with MetS.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Higher Protein, Low Glycemic Load with Potatoes | Experimental | Higher Protein, Low Glycemic Load with Potatoes (HPLG-P): low- to moderate- glycemic load meals containing white potatoes. Participants will consume low- to moderate-glycemic meals for 16 weeks and will need to consume at least 4 meals containing white potatoes. |
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| Higher Protein, Low Glycemic Load with Processed Potatoes | Active Comparator | Higher Protein, Low Glycemic Load with Processed Potatoes (HPLG-PP): low- to moderate- glycemic load meals containing processed white potato products. Participants will consume low- to moderate-glycemic meals for 16 weeks and will need to consume at least 4 meals containing white potatoes. |
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| Higher Protein, Low Glycemic Load - Control | Placebo Comparator | Higher Protein, Low Glycemic Load (HPLG-C): low- to moderate- glycemic load meals containing control carbohydrate (e.g. rice, pasta). Participants will consume low- to moderate-glycemic meals for 16 weeks and will need to consume at least 4 meals containing control carbohydrate sources. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Higher protein, low glycemic load diet | Dietary Supplement | All dietary treatments will be designed to be isoenergetic within individual participants. Energy content of the diets will be individualized to ensure weight maintenance throughout the dietary intervention period using the Harris Benedict equation x 1.35. Glycemic load for the treatment groups will be calculated using the following equation: Glycemic Load = Glycemic Index x Grams of carbohydrates/100. Potatoes, processed potato products, and control carbohydrate foods will be provided. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Serum lipid levels | Total Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol, HDL-Cholesterol, Free Fatty Acids, Triglycerides | Change from baseline at 16 weeks |
| Plasma glucose levels | Plasma glucose levels | Change from baseline at 16 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Waist circumference | Waist circumference in centimeters | Change from baseline at 16 weeks |
| Dietary intake | Monthly food records will be recorded to determine changes in diet intake |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Arkansas | Fayetteville | Arkansas | 72704 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D024821 | Metabolic Syndrome |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
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|
| Change of time of study (16 weeks) |
| Mood | Mood will be measured using the Profile of Mood States questionnaire | Change from baseline at 16 weeks |
| Sleep quality and duration | Sleep quality will be assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index | Change from baseline at 16 weeks |
| Sleep duration | Sleep duration will be assessed using an Actigraph sleep monitor | Change from baseline at 16 weeks |
| Marker of appetite and sleep | Orexin (also known as hypocretin) | Change from baseline at 16 weeks |
| Appetite | Anorexigenic appetite hormone - PYY (peptide tyrosine tyrosine) | Change from baseline at 16 weeks |
| D009750 |
| Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |