Patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus with criteria for cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy, asymptomatic, normotensive, with negative medical history of cardiovascular disease.

Transthoracic echocardiography, including: tissue Doppler indices of diastolic filling and speckle tracking for systolic and diastolic strain/strain rate, exclusion of valvular abnormalities, assessment of heart structure and function.

Fifteen age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects, asymptomatic, normotensive, with negative medical history of cardiovascular disease.

Transthoracic echocardiography, including: tissue Doppler indices of diastolic filling and speckle tracking for systolic and diastolic strain/strain rate, exclusion of valvular abnormalities, assessment of heart structure and function.

Incidence of patients with alteration in left ventricular myocardial strain (≤ 17% in absolute value).

Incidence of patients with signs of diastolic dysfunction: average E/e' ratio (abnormal when > 14)

Incidence of patients with LV mass by linear measurements > 95 g/m2 if women and > 115 g/m2 if men.

Incidence of patients with abnormal reservoir strain (normal range: 38%-41%), or abnormal conduit strain (normal range: 21%-25%), or abnormal contractile strain (normal range: 16%-19%).