Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of replacing starchy vegetables and refined grains with beef in a vegetarian diet on cardio-metabolic disease risk factors in adults in a cross-over, randomized controlled feeding trial.
The purpose of this study is to assess the effects of replacing starchy vegetables and refined grains with beef in a vegetarian diet on cardio-metabolic disease risk factors in adults in a cross-over, randomized controlled feeding trial. The hypothesis is that isocalorically replacing predominantly starchy vegetables and refined grains with 6 oz. of beef/day will enhance improvements in cardiometabolic disease risk factors, particularly atherosclerotic-promoting lipids and lipoproteins. It is also hypothesized that participant satisfaction and acceptance of a healthy eating pattern with 6 oz. of beef per day will be higher compared to without beef.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Controlled healthy vegetarian diet | Active Comparator | Subjects will be randomized and assigned to consume the controlled Healthy Vegetarian Eeating Pattern for 5 weeks. |
|
| Controlled beef diet | Experimental | Subjects will be randomized and assigned to consume the beef diet for 5 weeks, which will substitute predominantly starchy vegetables and refined grains with 6 oz. of lean unprocessed beef/day. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Controlled healthy vegetarian diet | Other | The controlled healthy vegetarian diet will follow the Dietary Guidelines for American's recommendations. All foods and beverages will be provided during intervention to achieve the desired eating pattern. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Concentrations of serum lipids, lipoproteins, and total apolipoprotein B | The hypothesis is that substituting starchy vegetables and refined grain with lean unprocessed beef in a plant based eating pattern will result in greater reduction in the concentrations of low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and total apolipoprotein B, but greater increase in concentration of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. | 1.5 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Level of fasting blood pressure | The hypothesis is that substituting starchy vegetables and refined grain with lean unprocessed beef in a plantbased eating pattern will result in greater reductions in fasting blood pressure. | 1.5 years |
| Level of fasting serum insulin |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Questionnaire score of consumer satisfaction of a plant-based eating pattern | The hypothesis is that substituting starchy vegetables and refined grain with lean unprocessed beef in a plant-based eating pattern will result in a higher score of consumer satisfaction using the Dietary Satisfaction Questionnaire designed by study investigators. The Dietary Satisfaction Questionnaire is a six-point Likert scale ranging from "strongly disagree" to "strongly agree". The questionnaire includes 23 questions on overall satisfaction of different aspects of the intervention diets, such as fullness after meals, enjoyment of study foods, and impact of study foods on personal well-being. The Likert scale will be matched to numerical values for scoring (0=strongly disagree, 1=disagree, 2=slightly disagree, 3=slightly agree, 4=agree, 5=strongly agree). Total score ranges from 0 to 115 and higher score represents higher dietary satisfaction. |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Wayne W Campbell, PhD | Purdue University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purdue University | West Lafayette | Indiana | 47907 | United States |
Not provided
This is a 16-week randomized, cross-over, controlled, single-blind study. During weeks 1 and 11, participant's usual, unrestricted dietary intakes will be assessed. At week 2, they will be randomized and assigned to consume either the controlled lacto-ovo vegetarian diet or beef diet for the first 5-week dietary intervention during weeks 2-6. They will consume the other diet during weeks 12-16. Two fasting-state serum samples and one stool samples will be collected during study weeks 1,6,11, and 16.
Not provided
Not provided
Not provided
| Controlled beef diet | Other | The controlled beef diet will incorporate various cuts of lean unprocessed red meat into the healthy vegetarian eating pattern, as approved by the American Heart Association's Food Certification Program. The beef diet will isocalorically replace starchy vegetables and/or refined grains with 6 oz. of beef/day for five weeks. |
|
The hypothesis is that substituting starchy vegetables and refined grain with lean unprocessed beef in a plantbased eating pattern will result in greater reductions in fasting serum insulin. |
| 1.5 years |
| Concentration of fasting serum glucose | The hypothesis is that substituting starchy vegetables and refined grain with lean unprocessed beef in a plantbased eating pattern will result in greater reductions in fasting serum glucose. | 1.5 years |
| Size of lipoprotein particle | The hypothesis is that substituting starchy vegetables and refined grain with lean unprocessed beef in a plantbased eating pattern will result in greater reductions in low-density lipoprotein particle size. | 1.5 years |
| 1.5 years |