A retrospective study was done on the medical records for 24 rectal cancer patients underwent robotic proctectomy from September 2017 to July 2018 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University.In the same department,a total of 25 patients who treated with laparoscopic proctectomy and 24 patients underwent open proctectomy were were selected as controls in a 1:1:1 ratio. Comparing the perioperative conditions and hospitalization related costs of the three groups.

Inclusion Criteria:

• endoscopic biopsy pathological diagnosis of rectal cancer is clear, preoperative CT, MRI examination did not see the tumor directly invaded the surrounding organs;
• blood test, cardiac ultrasound, lung ventilation function and other preoperative examination without absolute surgical contraindications;
• without distant metastasis such as liver, lung, bone, and abdominal cavity.

Exclusion Criteria:

• there is distant organ transfer or extensive abdominal metastasis;
• emergency surgery for acute intestinal obstruction, hemorrhage, perforation, intestinal rupture, etc.;
• combined with other primary malignant tumors;
• other colonectomy and combined with other organ resection;
• patients with severe basic diseases unable to tolerate surgery;
• pregnant and lactating women;
• patients who underwent neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy before surgery;
• those who underwent palliative surgery.

Diagnosis of rectal cancer