This study is a prospective cohort study to find the incidence of re-craniotomy and predictive factors. The secondary outcomes are to find the incidence of major non-neurological complications and predictive factors.

Demographic data include age, gender, preoperative neurological assessment, diagnosis, operation, surgical position, ASA physical status, dexamethasone requirement, anticonvulsant therapy, airway assessment, and blood component reservation.

Intraoperative information contain anesthetic technique, total dosage of propofol, fentanyl, and other anesthetic agents, total blood loss, types and amount of fluid replacement, volume of blood transfusion, latest body temperature, and the ability of safe extubation.

Postoperative complications will be categorized in to general conditions, neurological complications, and systemic problems. General conditions such as on endotracheal tube overnight and postoperative blood transfusion. Neurological complications include worsen increased ICP, intracranial hematoma, seizures, newly-developed motor deficit, cranial nerve palsy, CSF rhinorrhea, and emergency re-craniotomy. Systemic problems are hypothermia, electrolyte imbalance, anemia, hypertension, and hyperglycemia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting and the rescued anti-emetic drugs will be recorded. Postoperative anti-epileptic drug (AED) and pain medication will be collected.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are scheduled for elective craniotomy during 2017-2019
• Patients who are planned for general anesthesia
• Patients have read the study information and signed in the consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients who are unable to understand and sign in the consent form
• Patients who are scheduled for minor surgical procedures such as ventriculostomy and VP-shunt

The adult patients who were scheduled for craniotomy to remove tumor