This is a randomized clinical trial to assess whether a subject centered, self-collection of Dried blood spots (DBS) samples will improve compliance with the clinical recommendation of weekly Cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing of Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients who are at high risk for late CMV disease. In this study, mobile devices will be used to remind HCT survivors to perform CMV monitoring using finger-stick collected DBS testing in their home setting or to visit their doctor's office to perform the test. 150 allogeneic HCT recipients > /= 15 years of age will be randomized (2:1) to DBS monitoring or standard of care (per local institution) monitoring. Duration of study participation is anticipated to be within a range of 26 weeks to 43 weeks. The primary objective is to evaluate adherence to recommended CMV monitoring duration and interval during the first year after HCT upon enrollment using subject collected dried blood spot testing.

This is a randomized clinical trial to assess whether a subject centered, self-collection of dried blood spots (DBS) samples will improve compliance with the clinical recommendation of weekly Cytomegalovirus (CMV) testing of Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) recipients who are at high risk for late CMV disease. In this study, mobile devices will be used to remind HCT survivors to perform CMV monitoring using finger-stick collected DBS testing in their home setting or to visit their doctor's office to perform the test. 150 allogeneic HCT recipients > /= 15 years of age will be randomized (2:1) to DBS monitoring or standard of care (per local institution) monitoring. Duration of study participation is anticipated to be within a range of 26 weeks to 43 weeks. The primary objective is to evaluate adherence to recommended CMV monitoring duration and interval during the first year after HCT upon enrollment using subject collected dried blood spot testing. The secondary objectives are 1) To evaluate the mean difference between the recommended monitoring that each subject completes between the DBS and the control arm. 2) To compare the incidence of CMV disease between the DBS monitoring and standard of care arm; 3) To evaluate the safety of DBS monitoring.

Additionally, an observational cohort of 450 HCT recipients, who consented for retrospective studies and meet eligibility criteria but are not participating in the DBS testing for CMV, will be used to assess whether randomized study sample is representative of the DBS study population and to obtain a population-based estimate of late CMV disease.

Inclusion Criteria:

Randomized Cohort:

1. Must be >/= 15 years of age at the time of enrollment

2. Must be able to provide written consent and complete the informed consent

3. Must have received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation within 60-180 days prior to randomization

4. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositive or had a donor who was CMV positive

5. One or both of the following:

   • CMV event* within the first 100 days post-transplant requiring anti-viral treatment
   • Receipt of CMV prophylaxis**(for at least 30 days) prior to randomization. Continuation of letermovir or acyclovir/valacyclovir (high and low dose) prophylaxis after day 100 per institutional standard of care is permitted * CMV event defined as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) detection or disease ** Anti-viral treatment or prophylaxis includes ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, letermovir, maribavir or acyclovir/valacyclovir (high and low dose)

6. Direct availability to the internet either by a computer in the residence or a smart phone

7. Had at least one or more of these conditions:

   • HLA mismatch*

   • umbilical cord blood source**

   • Graft versus host disease (GVHD)***

   • T-cell depletion**** * Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-related (sibling) donor with at least one mismatch at one of the following three HLA-gene loci: HLA-A, -B, or -DR, Haploidentical donor, Unrelated donor with at least one mismatch at one of the following four HLA-gene loci: HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1

     • Use of umbilical cord blood as stem cell source ***Acute or chronic GVHD requiring topical steroid for gastrointestinal (GI) GVHD and/or systemic steroid treatment (>/= 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone or equivalent dose of another corticosteroid) within 6 weeks prior to enrollment

       • Subjects who have received partial or full T-cell depletion (with or without GVHD). T-cell depletion can be given as either ex-vivo or in-vivo for GVHD prophylaxis. T-cell depleting agents include, but are not limited to, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and alemtuzumab

Observation Cohort:

1. Must be >/= 15 years of age at the time of enrollment

2. Must have one of the following:

   • Consented for retrospective studies at their transplant center, or
   • Be included under the auspices of the site's IRB approved waiver of additional consent for retrospective studies

3. Must have received allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation during or within 1 year prior to the conduct of the randomized trial (defined as time during which randomization is done)

4. CMV seropositive or had a donor who was CMV positive

5. One or both of the following:

   • CMV event* within the first 100 days post-transplant requiring anti-viral treatment
   • Receipt of CMV prophylaxis**(for at least 30 days) prior to registration. Continuation of letermovir prophylaxis or acyclovir/valacyclovir (high and low dose) after day 100 per institutional standard of care is permitted * CMV event defined as DNA detection or disease ** Anti-viral treatment or prophylaxis includes ganciclovir, valganciclovir, foscarnet, letermovir, maribavir or acyclovir/valacyclovir (high and low dose)

6. Meet at least one or more of criteria of the following:

   • HLA mismatch*

   • umbilical cord blood source**

   • GVHD***

   • T-cell depletion****

     • Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-related (sibling) donor with at least one mismatch at one of the following three HLA-gene loci: HLA-A, -B, or -DR, Haploidentical donor, Unrelated donor with at least one mismatch at one of the following four HLA-gene loci: HLA-A, -B, -C and -DRB1

       • Use of umbilical cord blood as stem cell source ***Acute or chronic GVHD requiring topical steroid for GI GVHD and/or systemic steroid treatment (>/= 1 mg/kg/day of prednisone or equivalent dose of another corticosteroid) within 6 weeks prior to enrollment ****Subjects who have received partial or full T-cell depletion (with or without GVHD). T-cell depletion can be given as either ex-vivo or in-vivo for GVHD prophylaxis. T-cell depleting agents include, but are not limited to, anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) and alemtuzumab

Exclusion Criteria:

Randomized Cohort:

1. Inability to fully comprehend the study website and study procedures
2. Any other condition, which in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with successful completion of this clinical trial
3. Morphological relapse (bone marrow or peripheral blood blast) prior to registration

Observational Cohort:

1. Did not meet all inclusion criteria
2. Morphological relapse (bone marrow or peripheral blood blast) prior to registration

Adverse events were collected from time of Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) to 365 days after HCT (final study visit).

All-Cause Mortality was collected for all randomized participants. AEs were assessed differently depending on analysis population and study arm. SAEs of special interest (proven/probable CMV disease) were collected for all participants in the Safety Population. Other AEs considered severe and related to the DBS collection and finger stick procedure were collected for participants in the Safety Population in the DBS arm only; no other AEs were collected in the Standard Monitoring Control Arm.