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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital | OTHER |
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Non-classified atypical squamous cells (ASCUS) is the most common abnormal cervical cytology (%39). The risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2-3 is 5% and the risk of carcinoma is around 0.1% after diagnosis. Mostly human papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for this transition. Most of them are transient, but some infections become persistent and can progress into precancer and invasive cancer. In the process of progression to cancer; patients with cell cycle problems are thought to be at risk. In some studies, B12 and folate deficiency, which play a role in DNA synthesis and repair, have been shown to induce incorrect binding of uracil to DNA, leading to DNA breakage and repair disorder. Therefore, in this study, it has been aimed that the relation of presence of atypical squamous cells and HPV persistence with folate and vitamin B12 levels which effect on immune system.
Participants were divided into two groups according to their smear results; atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) (study group: 100 patients) and women who did not have intraepithelial neoplasia as a result of smear (control group: 100 patients). Patients who had well preserved sufficient number of squamous epithelial cells, who did not have bleeding, fixation failure, inflammation or atrophy, and had negative cervical cytology smear were considered as control group. HPV test was also requested from the study group. B12 and folate blood levels were compared between the groups.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Papanicolaou smear result (control group) | Other | women who did not have intraepithelial neoplasia as a result of smear |
|
| Papanicolaou smear result (study group) | Other | women who have atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) as a result of smear |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vitamin B12 and folate | Dietary Supplement | Vitamin B12 and folate levels in blood |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| the vitamine B12 levels . | the vitamine B12 levels in patients with ASCUS (+) smear. | 1 year |
| The folate levels | the folate levels in patients with ASCUS (+) smear. | 1 year |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D065309 | Atypical Squamous Cells of the Cervix |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002578 | Uterine Cervical Dysplasia |
| D011230 | Precancerous Conditions |
| D009369 | Neoplasms |
| D002577 | Uterine Cervical Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014805 | Vitamin B 12 |
| D005492 | Folic Acid |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D045728 | Corrinoids |
| D045725 | Tetrapyrroles |
| D011758 | Pyrroles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 |
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| D014591 |
| Uterine Diseases |
| D005831 | Genital Diseases, Female |
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D065308 | Morphological and Microscopic Findings |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D006576 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D047028 | Macrocyclic Compounds |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D011622 | Pterins |
| D011621 | Pteridines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |