Atopic dermatitis (AD) is among the most common chronic types of inflammatory skin disease and it is characterised by exacerbations or relapses over years. The patients have a genetically impaired skin barrier that can be evaluated by measuring the transepidermal water loss (TEWL), which is increased in both dry skin and clinically normal skin in AD patients. Moisturisers are first line treatment for AD patients and moisturisers are the most prescribed products in dermatology. The use of moisturisers have been found to reduce the need for steroids.

The newly developed moisturizing cream 1107.57 is intended for people with dry skin symptoms, such as dryness, itching, and flaking. As most people with dry skin of different origin have an impaired skin barrier function, it is important to investigate the possible influence on the skin barrier after long-term (several weeks') treatment. It is of utmost importance to evaluate different moisturisers head-to-head in order to facilitate an evidence-based choice of moisturiser.

The primary objective of the trial is to determine whether applying the test cream 1107.57 for 4 weeks is superior in terms of skin barrier strengthening, when compared with (1) no treatment and (2) two reference creams in adults with a predisposition to a skin barrier defect. Secondary objectives are to determine whether there is a difference between 1107.57 and (1) no treatment and (2) the two reference creams in skin moisturization, tolerability, cream consumption and safety.

Participants will treat their lower volar forearms for 28 days with three different creams (test cream and two reference creams) and leave one area untreated as a control. Each forearm will have two different treatment areas and treatment allocation will be randomized. One Finger Tip Unit (FTU) of each cream will be applied twice daily on the designated study area for 28 days. On day 1 and 29 the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and skin capacitance is measured on their forearms to evaluate the effect on skin barrier function and skin hydration. Furthermore, on day 31, after challenge with 1 % sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) on day 29, the susceptibility to irritation caused by SLS will be evaluated visually and by measuring TEWL on their forearms. Study participants will attend visits at the start of randomised therapy and on day 5, 15, 29 and 31. During the study period the participants will also grade and evaluate the tolerability of the different creams.

Inclusion Criteria:

The participants have to meet all of the following criteria to be eligible to enter the study:

• Willing and able to provide informed consent
• Male or female and aged 18 years or above
• Volunteers able to read and understand English
• A personal history of atopic dermatitis

Exclusion Criteria:

Participants meeting any of the following criteria will not be permitted to enter the study:

• Eczema on the volar forearms requiring anti-inflammatory treatment
• Possible allergy to ingredients in the study medications.
• Any serious current medical condition which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may interfere with the evaluation of the results or may be contraindicated by the use of the test medications
• Use of any concomitant medication that may interfere with the study related activities or assessment of efficacy, as judged by the Investigator
• Use of any topical product, including cosmetic leave-on products on the volar forearms, within 1 week prior to, and throughout the study
• Female participant who, according to the participant, is pregnant or breast-feeding, or plans to become pregnant during the course of the study
• Any participant-related factor suggesting potential poor compliance with study procedures (e.g. psychiatric disorders, history of alcohol or substance abuse), as judged by the Investigator
• Enrolment in any interventional study or use of an investigational drug within 3 months prior to the screening visit
• Volunteers judged by the PI to be inappropriate for the trial.

Each participant use all three creams and one skin area is untreated. 4 skin areas per subject was evaluated.

Adverse events were recorded throughout duration of the study, i.e. from day 1 to day 31

Treatment emergent AEs were defined to be those starting on or after visit 1 treatment dispensing, or those without an onset date.