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This protocol focuses on novel measures of cognition and everyday function that have robust psychometrics and reduced practiced effects. They will be deployed in a parallel group study in which participants are randomized to assessment type (novel vs established) and receive serial assessments over a one year period in order to highlight contrasts between novel and established measures.

This protocol has the goal of validating novel cognitive and everyday functional measures that have sharply attenuated practice effects and are not prone to ceiling effects for use in preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD) trials in which participants are cognitively within normal limits. To implement this, we will conduct an innovative parallel group study in which 400 healthy, non-cognitively impaired older subjects are randomized to one of two groups based on assessment type (novel instruments vs. established) and receive three serial assessments over a one year period. Novel cognitive measures include tests of executive function, episodic memory, and processing speed combined into a single composite. Novel functional measures involve computerized performance based, ecologically relevant instrumental activities. We will compare our novel No Practice Effects (NPE) cognitive battery and Miami Computerized Functional Assessment Scale (CFAS) against established measures that include the ADAS-COG in order to determine which battery (novel or established) has better psychometric properties and is less sensitive to practice effects in this clinical trials structure.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. English speaking participants, ages 60-85 years
2. MMSE score of 24 or greater
3. Logical Memory II score of 9 or greater for subjects with 16 or more years of education, 5 or more for subjects with 8-15 years of education, and 3 or greater for subjects with 0-7 years of education
4. Presence of subjective memory complaints not exclusionary
5. A family member or other individual who is in contact with the subject and consents to serve as informant during the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of stroke or excessive risk of CVD
2. Neurologic disease including movement disorders, MS, epilepsy, and TBI (with greater than 15 min loss of consciousness)
3. Untreated diabetes
4. Current DSM-5 Axis I psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder; current major depression as determined by a Geriatric Depression Scale score of greater than 5. Current alcohol or substance use disorder
5. Active treatment of cancer
6. MMSE score below 24 and Logical Memory below 9 for subjects with 16 or more years of education, 5 for subjects with 8-15 years of education, and 3 for subjects with 0-7 years of education
7. Females who are pre-menopausal and are pregnant.
8. Use of antidepressants with large anticholinergic properties will be excluded. These include: amitriptyline, amoxapine, clomipramine, desipramine, doxepin, imipramine, isocarboxazide, lithium, maprotiline, mirtazapine, nortriptyline, tranylcypromine trimipramine, and phenelzine.