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The purpose of this study is to determine a threshold value of fetal anogenital distance in 2D ultrasound to differentiate male fetuses from female fetuses, starting 18 weeks of gestation and until the due date.
The study also evaluates the feasibility of the measure and its interobserver variability.
The anogenital distance of female newborns is shorter than that of male newborns.
Urogenital disorders, such as hypospadias and micro-penis, are associated with a shorter anogenital distance.
Anogenital distance is a good marker of fetal exposure to androgenic substances.
Prenatal anogenital distance ultrasound measure can help the diagnosis in case of doubt about fetal sexual phenotype or in case of urogenital disorder suspicion (hypospadias or micropenis).
Is the anogenital distance easy to make measure? Can this procedure be reproduced? What are the threshold values to determine fetal sex at each term of pregnancy?
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| fetal anogenital distance | The distance will be measured from the center of the anus to the posterior convergence of the fourchette in female fetuses and to the posterior base of the scrotum in male fetuses | During fetal ultrasound exam |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Interobserver variability | reproducibility of the anogenital measure: the measure will be taken by two sonographers during the same exam | During fetal ultrasound exam |
| Ano-genital distance in mm |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
Pregnant women
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All pregnant women follow up at Brest Hospital to 18 weeks of gestation until term, except suspicion of fetal pelvic malformations and patients without an exact echographic datation of pregnancy between 11 and 13+6 weeks of gestation.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Anne-Hélène SALIOU | CHRU Brest - Morvan hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CHRU de Brest (Morvan) | Brest | 29200 | France |
All collected data that underlie results in a publication
Data will be available after the publication of result and ending three years maximum following the last visit of the last patient
Data access requests will be reviewed by the internal committee of Brest UH. requestors will be required to sign and complete a data access agreement
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014564 | Urogenital Abnormalities |
| D012734 | Disorders of Sex Development |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052776 | Female Urogenital Diseases |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D052801 | Male Urogenital Diseases |
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the measure is correctly performed and validated by an expert
| During fetal ultrasound exam |
| Estimated fetal weight | Impact of estimated fetal weight and anogenital distance | During fetal ultrasound exam |
| neonatal sex determination | concordance of anogenital distance and neonatal sex determination | During fetal ultrasound exam |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D006058 | Gonadal Disorders |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |