This study is planned to collect prospective data and evaluate the safety and effectiveness of rivaroxaban for the prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in Indian patients with NVAF when used in clinical practice under real-life conditions.

The study will be conducted in routine clinical practice settings. Approximately 1000 patients from India will be enrolled in this study. Patients will be observed for maximum period of 12 months after the start of Xarelto treatment or until it is no longer possible (e.g. lost to follow-up, death, withdrawal) before the end of the observation period.

The decision by the investigator to start with of Xarelto must be independent of the inclusion of a patient to the study.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Patient should be an adult female or male, ≥18 years of age;
• Patient should be diagnosed with NVAF and initiated with rivaroxaban treatment for prevention of stroke or systemic embolism per investigator's routine treatment practice;
• Patient should not have received rivaroxaban in the past;
• Patient/patient's legally acceptable representative should be willing to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patient has contraindications to receive rivaroxaban therapy according to local prescribing information;
• Patient is receiving anticoagulant therapy for indication other than NVAF and that needs to be continued as per discretion of treating physician;
• Patient is participating in an investigational program with interventions outside of routine clinical practice.

Female and male patients ≥18 years of age with a diagnosis of NVAF will be enrolled only after the decision for treatment with rivaroxaban has been made by the investigator.

Availability of this study's data will later be determined according to Bayer's commitment to the EFPIA/PhRMA "Principles for responsible clinical trial data sharing". This pertains to scope, timepoint and process of data access. As such, Bayer commits to sharing upon request from qualified researchers patient-level clinical trial data, study-level clinical trial data, and protocols from clinical trials in patients for medicines and indications approved in the US and EU as necessary for conducting legitimate research. This applies to data on new medicines and indications that have been approved by the EU and US regulatory agencies on or after January 01, 2014.

Interested researchers can use www.vivli.org to request access to anonymized patient-level data and supporting documents from clinical studies to conduct research. Information on the Bayer criteria for listing studies and other relevant information is provided in the member section of the portal.