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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| PBM | UNKNOWN |
| Mimerse | UNKNOWN |
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Virtual Reality exposure therapy (VRET) is an efficacious treatment for anxiety disorders but has yet to be implemented in regular care settings. This is arguably due to the limitations of the past generation of VR technology, which was expensive, inaccessible, cumbersome and hard to use. With the advent of consumer VR technology, VRET is now ready for implementation in regular care. This multiple-baseline trial will examine the effectiveness of VRET for public speaking anxiety (PSA) when delivered under real-world conditions at an ordinary, non-specialized mental health clinic, by clinical psychologist with only brief VRET training. Participants will either be self-referred specifically for this treatment, or come through ordinary clinical channels. Self-rated PSA will serve as primary outcome measure and will be measured three times prior to treatment (at screening and twice after a diagnostic screening telephone interview) , four times after onset, at the end of the treatment period, and three months after treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| OST-VRET + in-vivo transition program | Experimental | One-session treatment (OST) VRET on-location with clinical psychologist (3 hours), followed by a therapist-guided, four-week online program encouraging transition to real-world, in-vivo exposure exercises. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| In-session Virtual Reality exposure therapy | Behavioral | A series of exposure exercises (speech exercises) in front of a virtual audience, focusing on promoting inhibitory learning, with audio-feedback. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline: Public Speaking Anxiety Scale | Canonical total score will be used. Measure is self-rated, online. Swedish translation of the original PSAS (Bartholomay & Houlihan, 2016) | Change from baseline: (1) five days after interview, (2) ten days after interview, (3) 7 days post-OST, (4) 14 days post-OST (5) 21 days post-OST (6) 28 days post-OST, (7) 35 days post-OST, (8) 125 days post-PST |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline: Brunnsviken Brief Quality of life scale | Canonical total score will be used. Measure is self-rated, online. | Change from baseline: (1) 7 days post-OST, (4) 35 days post-OST, (5) 125 days post-PST |
| Change from baseline: Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale Self-Report |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Per Carlbring, PhD | Stockholm University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Department of Psychology | Stockholm | 10691 | Sweden |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 30054173 | Background | Lindner P, Miloff A, Fagernas S, Andersen J, Sigeman M, Andersson G, Furmark T, Carlbring P. Therapist-led and self-led one-session virtual reality exposure therapy for public speaking anxiety with consumer hardware and software: A randomized controlled trial. J Anxiety Disord. 2019 Jan;61:45-54. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2018.07.003. Epub 2018 Jul 24. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Study website (Swedish) | View source |
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Anonymous outcome measure IPD will be made available upon request from academic researchers.
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013060 | Speech |
| D000072861 | Phobia, Social |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014705 | Verbal Behavior |
| D003142 | Communication |
| D001519 | Behavior |
| D010698 | Phobic Disorders |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D063367 | Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy |
| D007171 | Implosive Therapy |
| D015928 | Cognitive Behavioral Therapy |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003887 | Desensitization, Psychologic |
| D001521 | Behavior Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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Multiple baseline
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|
| Internet-administered transition program | Behavioral | Four-module internet program with weekly therapist guidance, focusing on transitioning to in-vivo exposure in everyday settings. |
|
|
Canonical total score will be used. Measure is self-rated, online. |
| Change from baseline: (1) 7 days post-OST, (2) 35 days post-OST, (3) 125 days post-PST |
| Change from baseline: Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale | Canonical total score will be used. Measure is self-rated, online. | Change from baseline: (1) 7 days post-OST, (2) 35 days post-OST, (3) 125 days post-PST |
| Change from baseline: Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item | Canonical total score will be used. Measure is self-rated, online. | Change from baseline: (1) 7 days post-OST, (2) 35 days post-OST, (3) 125 days post-PST |
| Change from baseline: Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item | Canonical total score will be used. Measure is self-rated, online. | Change from baseline: (1) 7 days post-OST, (2) 35 days post-OST, (3) 125 days post-PST |
| D001008 |
| Anxiety Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |