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The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of different strengthening methods on hamstring muscle group's passive mechanical properties and to investigate this effect's relation with performance changes in healthy individuals. 42 healthy sedentary male participated in this study. Passive mechanical properties and strength of hamstring and quadriceps muscles, flexibility of hamstring muscles, anaerobic explosive strength, reaction time, agility were measured. Participants randomized evenly into one of three groups; eccentric, concentric and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES). After 8 weeks training period, participants were measured again.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Concentric | Active Comparator | Leg Curl Training |
|
| Eccentric | Active Comparator | Nordic Hamstring Training |
|
| Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation | Active Comparator | Stimulation Training |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concentric Exercise | Other | Leg Curl Machine: 1st week - 1st day is 10 maximum repeat test. 2nd week - 2 days of training - 2 sets of 6 repeats. %60 percent of maximum load. 3rd week - 3 days of training - 3 sets of 6-8 repeats. %60-80 of maximum load. 4th-8th week - 3 days of training - 3 sets of 8-12 repeats. when 3 sets of 12 achieved, load was increased with 2.5kg. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Passive Mechanical Properties | Tone, Elasticity and Stiffness evaluation. Evaluated with Myotonometer-3 | Change from baseline passive mechanical properties at 8 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Flexibility Measurement | Sit and reach test was used for hamstring flexibility | Change from baseline flexibility at 8 weeks |
| Muscle Strength Measurement | Hamstring and Quadriceps strength were measured with LaFayette Manuel Muscle Tester |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
only male participants were accepted
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| tuzun fırat, Assoc. Prof. | Hacettepe University | Study Director |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hacettepe University | Ankara | 06100 | Turkey (Türkiye) |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23068896 | Background | Ayala F, Sainz de Baranda P, De Ste Croix M, Santonja F. Reproducibility and criterion-related validity of the sit and reach test and toe touch test for estimating hamstring flexibility in recreationally active young adults. Phys Ther Sport. 2012 Nov;13(4):219-26. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2011.11.001. Epub 2012 Jan 23. | |
| 26509265 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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randomization into three groups and measurement before and after intervention
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|
| Nordic Eccentric exercise | Other |
|
|
| Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation | Other | 8 weeks, three times per week, 15 minutes of bilateral hamstring stimulation. 100 Hz. frequency, 600 microsecond duration rectangular current |
|
| Change from baseline muscle strength at 8 weeks |
| Agility Measurement | Illinois Agility Test was used for agility measurement | Change from baseline agility time at 8 weeks |
| Anaerobic Explosive Power | Jump and Reach test was administered | Change from baseline anaerobic explosive power at 8 weeks |
| Reaction Time | ruler drop test was used for reaction timing | Change from baseline reaction time at 8 weeks |
| Mentiplay BF, Perraton LG, Bower KJ, Adair B, Pua YH, Williams GP, McGaw R, Clark RA. Assessment of Lower Limb Muscle Strength and Power Using Hand-Held and Fixed Dynamometry: A Reliability and Validity Study. PLoS One. 2015 Oct 28;10(10):e0140822. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140822. eCollection 2015. |
| 20168255 | Background | Amiri-Khorasani M, Sahebozamani M, Tabrizi KG, Yusof AB. Acute effect of different stretching methods on Illinois agility test in soccer players. J Strength Cond Res. 2010 Oct;24(10):2698-704. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bf049c. |
| 26815176 | Background | Schwesig R, Koke A, Fischer D, Fieseler G, Jungermann P, Delank KS, Hermassi S. Validity and Reliability of the New Handball-Specific Complex Test. J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Feb;30(2):476-86. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001061. |
| 15387805 | Background | Mjolsnes R, Arnason A, Osthagen T, Raastad T, Bahr R. A 10-week randomized trial comparing eccentric vs. concentric hamstring strength training in well-trained soccer players. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2004 Oct;14(5):311-7. doi: 10.1046/j.1600-0838.2003.367.x. |
| 25540707 | Background | Glaviano NR, Langston WT, Hart JM, Saliba S. Influence of patterned electrical neuromuscular stimulation on quadriceps activation in individuals with knee joint injury. Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2014 Dec;9(7):915-23. |