With effective anti-retroviral therapy, non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular diseases, have become the major cause of morbidity and mortality for people living with HIV. There is only limited data evaluating the burden and risk factors of cardiovascular disease in the Asian HIV-infected population. Accurate non-invasive tools for prediction of cardiovascular disease, particularly in Asian HIV-infected populations, are urgently needed. Recently, more detailed evaluation of the complex retinal vasculature has been made feasible with advances in digitalized retinal imaging techniques.

This study aims 1. to determine the prevalence of coronary atherosclerosis and obstructive coronary artery disease HIV-infected individuals with one or more cardiovascular disease risk factors in Asia. 2. to determine the performance of automatic retinal image analysis (ARIA) in predicting the risk of coronary artery disease in HIV-infected individuals, as compared to traditional risk prediction tools. Patients will undergo a coronary CT angiogram, followed by an automatic retinal image analysis within 4 weeks post completion of CT angiogram.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Positive anti-HIV antibody
• Age 30 or above
• Presence of one or more risk factors for cardiovascular disease

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of overt coronary artery disease
• Impaired renal function
• Allergy to intravenous contrast
• Pregnancy

All HIV-infected individuals followed up in Metabolic Research Clinic and Infectious Diseases clinic of the Prince of Wales Hospital will be screened for eligibility.