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The aim of the first year of this three-year plan is to analyze and compare the muscle quality of lower limb muscle (microcirculation, muscle performance and mechanical characteristics) and maximal aerobic exercise capacity in treadmill exercise tests for diabetic and non-diabetic cases. The hypotheses are:1) the muscle quality of lower limb muscle and maximal aerobic exercise capacity are different between participate with diabetic and non-diabetic, 2) the effect of the three-month aerobic exercise intervention or home exercise on the characteristics of the muscle quality are different , and 3) intrinsic factors (such as age, BMI, and HDL) and characteristics of specific FTO genes are influenced the training outcomes.
Participants with diabetes will attend an 12-week aerobic exercise intervention or home exercise if the exercise test result of the maximum rate of oxygen consumption is fair or poor. Assessments will be taken before and after the training program, which including muscle strength, stiffness, quality, microcirculation and exercise capacity. Comparisons between the pre-training and post-training condition will be made for each groups. And the assessments also compare with the healthy control group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| aerobic exercise group | Experimental | This study will recruit qualified diabetic subjects according to their results of maximal aerobic exercise capacity (VO2max) and assign them into aerobic exercise or home exercise groups, based on their willingness. The aerobic exercise group will arranged to the supervised aerobic dance program, it's consisted of 50 mins per session, 3 sessions per week and last for 3 months. |
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| home exercise group | Experimental | This study will recruit qualified diabetic subjects according to their results of maximal aerobic exercise capacity (VO2max) and assign them into aerobic exercise or home exercise groups, based on their willingness.The home exercise group will give the exercise recommendation based on ACSM's guideline, and it's consisted of 50 mins per session, 3 sessions per week and last for 3 months. |
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| health control group | Active Comparator | This study will recruit subjects without type 2 diabetes and the age matched to the diabetes groups. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| supervised aerobic exercise or home-based aerobic exercise | Behavioral | The aerobic exercise and home exercise programs are consisted of 50 minutes per time, 3 times per weeks and totally 3 months. The aerobic exercise group will perform the exercise program under one physical therapy and one aerobic dance teacher supervised. The home exercise group will do the exercise program based on ACSM's aerobic exercise recommend, and will used the home exercise record form to make sure their cooperation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| index of muscle stiffness | elastography was used, units on kPa | Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 months |
| muscle strength of knee extensor and plantarflexor | Dynamometer was used to measure muscle strength, units on kilograms | Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months |
| Relative sliding of muscles | B mode sonography was used, units on mm/s | Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 months |
| muscle microcirculation | Near-infrared spectroscopy was used to measure oxygen saturation on muscle, units on percentage | Change from Baseline muscle quality at 3 months |
| maximum rate of oxygen consumption | Bruce treadmill protocol was used in the maximal exercise testing, maximum rate of oxygen consumption record as ml/kg/min | Baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| characteristics of specific FTO genes | rs9939609 SNP analysis, record as TT or TA or AA type | Baseline |
| physical activity level | self report the ability of walking one-fourth of a mile, record as degree of difficulty: none, some difficulty, much difficulty, inability |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| National Taiwan University Hospital | Taipei | 100 | Taiwan |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21115771 | Result | Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Fernhall B, Regensteiner JG, Blissmer BJ, Rubin RR, Chasan-Taber L, Albright AL, Braun B; American College of Sports Medicine; American Diabetes Association. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement executive summary. Diabetes Care. 2010 Dec;33(12):2692-6. doi: 10.2337/dc10-1548. No abstract available. | |
| 22344613 |
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his study is going to recruit subjects with and without type 2 diabetes and age between 30 and 70 years old. This study will be focused on the effects of diabetes on maximum aerobic exercise intensity (VO2max) and muscle quality including microcirculation (by NIRS), mechanical properties (by elastography) and isometric strength in different age groups, and observe whether these results are related to the clinically relevant findings of diabetes. This study will recruit qualified diabetic subjects according to their results of maximal aerobic exercise capacity (VO2max) and assign them into two groups; aerobic exercise or home exercise intervention.
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| Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months |
| BMI | weight and height will be combined to report BMI in kg/m^2 | Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months |
| blood glucose level | Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), unit on percentage | Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months |
| blood cholesterol | total cholesterol, units on mg/dL | Change from Baseline functional performance at 3 months |
| Result |
| Bacchi E, Negri C, Zanolin ME, Milanese C, Faccioli N, Trombetta M, Zoppini G, Cevese A, Bonadonna RC, Schena F, Bonora E, Lanza M, Moghetti P. Metabolic effects of aerobic training and resistance training in type 2 diabetic subjects: a randomized controlled trial (the RAED2 study). Diabetes Care. 2012 Apr;35(4):676-82. doi: 10.2337/dc11-1655. Epub 2012 Feb 16. |
| 24595633 | Result | Prior SJ, Blumenthal JB, Katzel LI, Goldberg AP, Ryan AS. Increased skeletal muscle capillarization after aerobic exercise training and weight loss improves insulin sensitivity in adults with IGT. Diabetes Care. 2014 May;37(5):1469-75. doi: 10.2337/dc13-2358. Epub 2014 Mar 4. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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