Effects of Exercise Intervention and Confounding Factors on Type II Diabetic Muscles

Effects of Exercise Intervention and Confounding Factors on Type II Diabetic Muscles

The aim of the first year of this three-year plan is to analyze and compare the muscle quality of lower limb muscle (microcirculation, muscle performance and mechanical characteristics) and maximal aerobic exercise capacity in treadmill exercise tests for diabetic and non-diabetic cases. The hypotheses are:1) the muscle quality of lower limb muscle and maximal aerobic exercise capacity are different between participate with diabetic and non-diabetic, 2) the effect of the three-month aerobic exercise intervention or home exercise on the characteristics of the muscle quality are different , and 3) intrinsic factors (such as age, BMI, and HDL) and characteristics of specific FTO genes are influenced the training outcomes.

Participants with diabetes will attend an 12-week aerobic exercise intervention or home exercise if the exercise test result of the maximum rate of oxygen consumption is fair or poor. Assessments will be taken before and after the training program, which including muscle strength, stiffness, quality, microcirculation and exercise capacity. Comparisons between the pre-training and post-training condition will be made for each groups. And the assessments also compare with the healthy control group.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Diabetes group: 1) Age between 30-70 years of old, 2) type 2 diabetes.
• Healthy control group: 1) Age between 30-70 years of old, 2) without diabetes

Exclusion Criteria:

• history of moderate-severe somatic or autonomic neuropathy, cardiovascular disease, preproliferative or proliferative retinopathy, and chronic renal failure
• unable to perform the programs or assessments
• other systematic diseases