LVLP (pt GBM-01034) took place on 27may2026. The 2 remaining slots allocated by the protocol for the additional cohort to generate safety data prior to study Part B will not be filled. No safety concerns. Benefit-risk profile unchanged.

This is a non-randomized, open label, phase I/IIa, dose-escalation study, involving a single injection of Temferon, an investigational advanced therapy consisting of autologous CD34+-enriched hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells exposed to transduction with a lentiviral vector driving myeloid specific interferon-alpha2 expression, which will be administered to up to 27 patients affected by GBM who have an unmethylated MGMT promoter. Part A will evaluate the safety and tolerability of 5 escalating doses of Temferon and 3 different conditioning regimens in up to 27 patients, following first line treatment.

This is a non-randomized, open label, multicenter, phase I/IIa, therapeutic-exploratory, dose escalation, prospective study, involving a single injection of Temferon, an investigational ATMP consisting of autologous CD34+-enriched HSPCs exposed to transduction with a 3rd generation lentiviral vector driving myeloid-specific IFN-alpha2 expression, which will be administered to up to 27 patients affected by GBM who have an unmethylated MGMT promoter. The study will recruit and follow-up patients at a specialist neurosurgical and neuro-oncology units in Italy. Administration of Temferon and hematological follow up will take place at specialist hematology and bone marrow transplantation units.

Potentially eligible patients will be identified immediately after surgical resection of GBM once the MGMT promoter methylator status is known. Once written, informed consent is obtained, and screening procedures have been completed, harvesting of HSPCs will occur. A standard of care regimen lasting approximately 6 weeks, will then take place . During this time, Temferon manufacturing will occur. Following completion of radiotherapy, patients will be admitted for receipt of a conditioning regimen consisting of BCNU and thiotepa (Cohorts 1-6), busulfan and thiotepa (Cohort 5), or busulfan (Cohorts 7 and 8). This will be followed by administration of Temferon. In-patient monitoring will occur until hematological recovery occurs. Thereafter, regular follow-up of patients will occur up to 2 years (+720 days) with the majority of assessments and procedures. At the +720 day visit, patients will be invited to participate in a long term follow-up study which will last for an additional 6 years.

In Part A of the study, 8 cohorts of 3 patients will receive 5 escalating doses of Temferon. On completion of dose escalation in Part A, a conditioning regimen and single dose of Temferon will be selected to be studied in up to a further 6 patients.

In the event that GBM disease progression occurs, patients will be managed with second line therapies including second surgery, TMZ, BCNU, fotemustine or any other approved therapy for GBM.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Histologically confirmed, newly diagnosed supratentorial glioblastoma with unmethylated MGMT gene promoter.
• Patients have undergone complete or partial tumor resection.
• Able and willing to provide written informed consent and comply with the study protocol and procedures.
• Eligible for radiotherapy.
• Life expectancy of 6 months or more at Screening.
• Women of child-bearing potential enrolled in the study must have a negative pregnancy test at screening and agree to use acceptable methods of contraception during the trial.
• Men enrolled in the study with partners who are women of child-bearing potential, must be willing to use an acceptable barrier contraceptive method during the trial or have undergone successful vasectomy at least 6 months prior to entry into the study. Successful vasectomy needs to have been confirmed by semen analysis.
• Karnofsky performance score (KPS)≥70.

Additional inclusion criteria to be assessed within 20 days of Temferon administration:

• Adequate cardiac, renal, hepatic and pulmonary function as evidenced by:
• Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 45% by echo and normal electrocardiogram (ECG) or presence of abnormalities not significant for cardiac disease.
• Absence of severe pulmonary hypertension;
• Diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) >50% and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced expiratory vital capacity (FVC) > 60% predicted (if non cooperative: pulse oximetry > 95% in room air);
• Serum creatinine < 2x upper limit normal and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 30ml/min/1.73m^2;
• Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ≤ 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN), and total bilirubin ≤ 2.0 mg/dl.
• Hemoglobin ≥10 g/dL, platelet count ≥100000/mm^3, absolute neutrophil count >1500/mm^3.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of other investigational agents or procedures within 4 weeks prior to study enrolment (within 6 weeks if use of long-acting agents) or participation in a previous gene therapy study.
• Known hypersensitivity to carmustine (or any other nitrosurea), busulfan, thiotepa, lenograstim, plerixafor, or any excipients used in these products.
• Receipt of any oral or parenteral chemotherapy or immunotherapy within 2 years of Screening.
• Previous allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, kidney or liver transplant.
• Clinical evidence of persistent raised intracranial pressure following surgical resection.
• Clinically relevant active viral, bacterial, or fungal infection at eligibility evaluation.
• Active autoimmune disease or a relevant history of important autoimmune manifestations, in particular psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, vasculitis, immunemediated peripheral neuropathies.
• History of sarcoidosis.
• History or current evidence of neuropsychiatric illness including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorders, impaired cognitive function, dementia or suicidal tendency.
• History of severe cardiovascular disease such as prior stroke, coronary artery disease requiring intervention or unresolved arrhythmias in the past 6 months.
• Evidence of any hematological neoplasm.
• Positivity for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or 2 (HIV-1, HIV-2) (serology or RNA), and/or Hepatitis B Virus Surface Antigen (HbsAg) and/or Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) DNA and/or Hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA (or negative HCV RNA but on antiviral treatment) and/or Treponema Pallidum or Mycoplasma active infection.
• Active alcohol or substance abuse within 6 months of the study.
• Current pregnancy or lactation.
• Known bleeding diathesis or history of abnormal bleeding, or any other known coagulation abnormalities that would contraindicate lumbar puncture for CSF or future surgery.
• Use of immunosuppressants with the exception of steroids. The maximum permitted dexamethasone (or equivalent) dose is 4 mg per day.