In this self-control experiment, anesthesiologists without experiment of bronchoscopy working in anesthesiology department in Peking Union Medical College Hospital will receive a training and evaluation procedure in simulation and clinical practice about clinical airway management. The objects was (1) to investigate the improvements of manufacturing bronchoscopy in simulation and clinical practice before and after training on simulation, (2) to record the study curve and efforts trainees needed to achieve proficiency and self-confidence on simulation, (3) to record the curve of manufacturing from skilled to unskilled, (4)to evaluate if status manufacturing on simulations could reflect the ones in clinical practice.

A modified global rating scale from 1 (unskilled) to 5 (expert) with a score of 3 linked to proficiency, and 5-points Likert from 1 (felt extremely unsure) to 5 (felt extremely confidence) with a score of 4 linked to confidence were used to evaluate during the procedure of training and evaluation.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. An anesthesiologist who is working on anesthesia airway management;
2. During the research period, he/she worked in the anesthesiology department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital;
3. Have no experience of manufacturing bronchoscopy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Cannot complete pre-training assessment; or get more than 3 of modified global rating scale score.
2. Cannot complete the training course;
3. Cannot complete the post-training evaluation;
4. Clinical airway managers were not performed during the study period.