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Patients with tics will be asked to complete a series of validated questionnaires (in electronic and/or paper format) regarding symptoms and conditions often associated with Tourette syndrome, including premonitory urges, sensory experiences, inattention, obsessive-compulsive tendencies, anxiety, and depression. Participants will also be asked to complete a quality of life assessment. This series of questionnaires will be administered annually.
Patients with tics will be recruited to participate in an observational study assessing extent and variation in non-motor features of Tourette syndrome over time. Each participant will complete a battery of validated questionnaires and scales online or in paper format (per patient preference), including the Premonitory Urge to Tic Scale (PUTS), the Sensory Gating Inventory (SGI), the Sensory Perception Quotient, the ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale, and others. These questionnaires will be administered annually to patients. For the analysis, participants will be stratified by age into late adolescents (18-25 years old) and adults (older than 25 years) since adolescent development ends at approximately age 25.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Baseline Sensory Perception Quotient score, short form | Validated instrument assessing anomalous sensory experiences. Scale consists of 35 items screening patients for hyper- or hypo-sensitivity to each of the sensory domains (touch, sight, sound, smell, and taste). Each scale item is a statement to which participants provide a ranking: 0 = strongly agree
| Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Change in Sensory Perception Quotient score, short form at 1 year | Validated instrument assessing anomalous sensory experiences. Scale consists of 35 items screening patients for hyper- or hypo-sensitivity to each of the sensory domains (touch, sight, sound, smell, and taste). Each scale item is a statement to which participants provide a ranking: 0 = strongly agree
| 1 year |
| Change in Sensory Perception Quotient score, short form at 2 years | Validated instrument assessing anomalous sensory experiences. Scale consists of 35 items screening patients for hyper- or hypo-sensitivity to each of the sensory domains (touch, sight, sound, smell, and taste). Each scale item is a statement to which participants provide a ranking: 0 = strongly agree
| 2 years |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Sensory Gating Inventory score at 2 years | Validated instrument assessing anomalous sensory experiences. The scale consists of 36 items screening patients for hyper- or hypo-sensitivity to several of the sensory domains (primarily sight and sound). Each scale item is a statement to which participants provide a ranking:
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Total Tic Score at baseline | Validated, gold-standard clinician-administered tic assessment scale, comprised of 11 items. Scale range: 0 (best) - 100 (worst) | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Change in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Total Tic Score at 1 year |
Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
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Individuals 18 years and older with Tourette syndrome or other chronic tic disorder
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Michelle Eckland, BS | Contact | 615-875-7394 | michelle.r.eckland.1@vumc.org |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| David A Isaacs, MD, MPH | Vanderbilt University Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vanderbilt University Medical Center | Not yet recruiting | Nashville | Tennessee | 37232-5400 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 34952304 | Result | Isaacs D, Key AP, Cascio CJ, Conley AC, Riordan H, Walker HC, Wallace MT, Claassen DO. Cross-disorder comparison of sensory over-responsivity in chronic tic disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr Psychiatry. 2022 Feb;113:152291. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152291. Epub 2021 Dec 17. | |
| 33776814 | Result |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005879 | Tourette Syndrome |
| D006967 | Hypersensitivity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001480 | Basal Ganglia Diseases |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
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| 2 years |
| Change in Sensory Gating Inventory score at 1 year | Validated instrument assessing anomalous sensory experiences. The scale consists of 36 items screening patients for hyper- or hypo-sensitivity to several of the sensory domains (primarily sight and sound). Each scale item is a statement to which participants provide a ranking:
| 1 year |
| Baseline Sensory Gating Inventory score | Validated instrument assessing anomalous sensory experiences. The scale consists of 36 items screening patients for hyper- or hypo-sensitivity to several of the sensory domains (primarily sight and sound). Each scale item is a statement to which participants provide a ranking:
| Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Change in Premonitory Urge to Tic Scale score at 2 years | Validated instrument assessing type and extent of premonitory sensations. The scale consists of 9 scored items and 1 non-scored item, all assessing degree of abnormal sensations and urges preceding a tic. The scored scale items are ranked 1-4, with 4 being the most abnormal. The minimum score on the scale is 9; the maximum score is 36. Higher scores indicate more frequent and severe premonitory urges. | 2 years |
| Change in Premonitory Urge to Tic Scale score at 1 year | Validated instrument assessing type and extent of premonitory sensations. The scale consists of 9 scored items and 1 non-scored item, all assessing degree of abnormal sensations and urges preceding a tic. The scored scale items are ranked 1-4, with 4 being the most abnormal. The minimum score on the scale is 9; the maximum score is 36. Higher scores indicate more frequent and severe premonitory urges. | 1 year |
| Baseline Premonitory Urge to Tic Scale score | Validated instrument assessing type and extent of premonitory sensations. The scale consists of 9 scored items and 1 non-scored item, all assessing degree of abnormal sensations and urges preceding a tic. The scored scale items are ranked 1-4, with 4 being the most abnormal. The minimum score on the scale is 9; the maximum score is 36. Higher scores indicate more frequent and severe premonitory urges. | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
Validated, gold-standard clinician-administered tic assessment scale, comprised of 11 items. Scale range: 0 (best) - 100 (worst) |
| 1 year |
| Change in Yale Global Tic Severity Scale Total Tic Score at 2 years | Validated, gold-standard clinician-administered tic assessment scale, comprised of 11 items. Scale range: 0 (best) - 100 (worst) | 2 years |
| Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DOCS) at baseline | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing severity of obsessive and compulsive symptoms, comprised of 20 items. Scale range 0 (least affected) - 80 (most affected) | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DOCS) at 1 year | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing severity of obsessive and compulsive symptoms, comprised of 20 items. Scale range 0 (least affected) - 80 (most affected) | 1 year |
| Dimensional Obsessive Compulsive Scale (DOCS) at 2 years | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing severity of obsessive and compulsive symptoms, comprised of 20 items. Scale range 0 (least affected) - 80 (most affected) | 2 years |
| Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 at baseline | Validated self-report scale, developed since release of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-V, comprised of 6 items. Scale range 0 (least affected) - 24 (most affected) | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 at 1 year | Validated self-report scale, developed since release of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-V, comprised of 6 items. Scale range 0 (least affected) - 24 (most affected) | 1 year |
| Adult ADHD Self-Report Screening Scale for DSM-5 at 2 years | Validated self-report scale, developed since release of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-V, comprised of 6 items. Scale range 0 (least affected) - 24 (most affected) | 2 years |
| Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome - Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL) at baseline | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing health-related quality of life for patients with Tourette syndrome, comprised of 27 items. Scale range 0 (best quality of life) - 108 (worst quality of life) | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome - Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL) at 1 year | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing health-related quality of life for patients with Tourette syndrome, comprised of 27 items. Scale range 0 (best quality of life) - 108 (worst quality of life) | 1 year |
| Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome - Quality of Life Scale (GTS-QOL) at 2 years | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing health-related quality of life for patients with Tourette syndrome, comprised of 27 items. Scale range 0 (best quality of life) - 108 (worst quality of life) | 2 years |
| Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2 (MAIA-2) at baseline | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing interoceptive sensibility, comprised of 37 items. Each scale item is a statement to which respondents must select "never" (0) to "always" (5) on a six-point Likert scale. No total MAIA-2 score exists. Rather, individual scale items belong to one of eight MAIA-2 subscales. For each subscale, higher score signifies more of that construct. | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2 (MAIA-2) at 1 year | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing interoceptive sensibility, comprised of 37 items. Each scale item is a statement to which respondents must select "never" (0) to "always" (5) on a six-point Likert scale. No total MAIA-2 score exists. Rather, individual scale items belong to one of eight MAIA-2 subscales. For each subscale, higher score signifies more of that construct. | 1 year |
| Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2 (MAIA-2) at 2 years | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing interoceptive sensibility, comprised of 37 items. Each scale item is a statement to which respondents must select "never" (0) to "always" (5) on a six-point Likert scale. No total MAIA-2 score exists. Rather, individual scale items belong to one of eight MAIA-2 subscales. For each subscale, higher score signifies more of that construct. | 2 years |
| Body Perception Questionnaire - Short Form (BPQ-SF) at baseline | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing interoceptive sensibility, comprised of 46 items total, divided into 3 sections: Body Awareness (raw total score 26-130), Supradiaphragmatic Reactivity (raw total score 15-69), and Subdiaphragmatic Reactivity (raw total score 6-28). Raw scores are converted to T-scores. Higher raw and T-scores indicate greater maladaptive body awareness. | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Body Perception Questionnaire - Short Form (BPQ-SF) at 1 year | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing interoceptive sensibility, comprised of 46 items total, divided into 3 sections: Body Awareness (raw total score 26-130), Supradiaphragmatic Reactivity (raw total score 15-69), and Subdiaphragmatic Reactivity (raw total score 6-28). Raw scores are converted to T-scores. Higher raw and T-scores indicate greater maladaptive body awareness. | 1 year |
| Body Perception Questionnaire - Short Form (BPQ-SF) at 2 years | Validated self-report questionnaire assessing interoceptive sensibility, comprised of 46 items total, divided into 3 sections: Body Awareness (raw total score 26-130), Supradiaphragmatic Reactivity (raw total score 15-69), and Subdiaphragmatic Reactivity (raw total score 6-28). Raw scores are converted to T-scores. Higher raw and T-scores indicate greater maladaptive body awareness. | 2 year |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) at baseline | Validated self-report scale for anxiety, comprised of 7 items. Scale range 0 (least severe) - 21 (most severe). | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) at 1 year | Validated self-report scale for anxiety, comprised of 7 items. Scale range 0 (least severe) - 21 (most severe). | 1 year |
| Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7 (GAD-7) at 2 years | Validated self-report scale for anxiety, comprised of 7 items. Scale range 0 (least severe) - 21 (most severe). | 2 years |
| Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) at baseline | Validated self-report scale for depression, comprised of 9 items. Scale range 0 (least severe) - 27 (most severe). | Initial assessment at enrollment (time zero) |
| Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) at 1 year | Validated self-report scale for depression, comprised of 9 items. Scale range 0 (least severe) - 27 (most severe). | 1 year |
| Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) at 2 years | Validated self-report scale for depression, comprised of 9 items. Scale range 0 (least severe) - 27 (most severe). | 2 years |
| Vanderbilt University Medical Center | Recruiting | Nashville | Tennessee | 37232 | United States |
|
| Isaacs DA, Riordan HR, Claassen DO. Clinical Correlates of Health-Related Quality of Life in Adults With Chronic Tic Disorder. Front Psychiatry. 2021 Mar 10;12:619854. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.619854. eCollection 2021. |
| 33173296 | Result | Isaacs D, Key AP, Cascio CJ, Conley AC, Walker HC, Wallace MT, Claassen DO. Sensory Hypersensitivity Severity and Association with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in Adults with Tic Disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2020 Nov 2;16:2591-2601. doi: 10.2147/NDT.S274165. eCollection 2020. |
| D013981 | Tic Disorders |
| D009069 | Movement Disorders |
| D020271 | Heredodegenerative Disorders, Nervous System |
| D019636 | Neurodegenerative Diseases |
| D030342 | Genetic Diseases, Inborn |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
| D065886 | Neurodevelopmental Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |