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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Marymount University | OTHER |
| Dong-Eui University | OTHER |
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The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts of a 12-week aquatic walking exercise program on body composition, vascular function, cardiorespiratory capacity, exercise tolerance, muscular strength, and physical function in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). The effects of the 12-week aquatic walking exercise program were also compared to the effects of a 12-week land-based walking exercise program.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Group | No Intervention | No exercise intervention | |
| Aquatic walking exercise group 1 | Experimental | The aquatic walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of hip flexion-extension, hip abduction-adduction, and knee flexion-extension. The last 30 minutes included water walking (forward, backward). The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| Aquatic walking exercise group 2 | Experimental | The aquatic walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of hip flexion-extension, hip abduction-adduction, and knee flexion-extension. The last 30 minutes included water walking (forward, backward). The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| Land-based walking exercise group |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aquatic walking exercise program group 1 | Other | 12 week aquatic walking exercise program |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Peripheral Arterial Stiffness | Peripheral arterial stiffness was estimated as measurement of femoral-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (meters per second). A higher value represents a worse outcome. Scale range is approximately 7.0 - 14.0 meters per second for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Composition | Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis as percent body fat. A higher value represents a worse outcome. Scale range is approximately 10-35% for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Resting Heart Rate |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Control Group | No exercise intervention |
| FG001 | Aquatic Walking Exercise Group 1 | The aquatic walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of hip flexion-extension, hip abduction-adduction, and knee flexion-extension. The last 30 minutes included water walking exercise (forward, backward). The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Feb 5, 2020 |
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aquatic walking exercise intervention group 1 vs. control group; aquatic walking exercise intervention group 2 vs. land-based walking exercise group
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| Active Comparator |
The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| Aquatic walking exercise program group 2 | Other | 12 week aquatic walking exercise program |
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| Land-based walking exercise group | Other | 12 week land-based walking exercise program |
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Resting heart rate was measured as beats per minute (bpm). A higher value represents a worse outcome. Acceptable scale range is approximately 60-80 bpm for healthy populations.
| 12 weeks |
| Systolic Blood Pressure | Blood pressure was measured as millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Higher values represent a worse outcome. Scale range for systolic blood pressure is approximately 110-129mmHg for most healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Resting Metabolic Rate | Resting metabolic rate was measured as kilocalories per day. A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 1200-2200 kilocalories per day for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Cardiorespiratory Capacity | Cardiorespiratory capacity was measured as the volume of maximal oxygen consumption in milliliters per kilogram per minute (VO2max, mL/kg/min). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 25-60 mL/kg/min for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Exercise Tolerance - Walking Capacity | Walking capacity was measured using the 6-minute walk test in meters. A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 400-1000 meters for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Upper Body Strength | Upper body strength was measured as hand grip strength in kilograms (kg). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 20-60kg for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Lower Body Strength | Lower body strength was measured with leg extension in kilograms (kg). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 20-120 kg for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Lower Body Flexibility | Lower body flexibility was measured using sit-and-reach in centimeters (cm). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 10-30 cm for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 General Health Survey for Physical Function | The physical function domain score of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 General Health Survey was measured. The scale range is from 0 to 100 percent. Higher scores represent a better outcome. | 12 weeks |
| Diastolic Blood Pressure | Blood pressure was measured as millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Higher values represent a worse outcome. Scale range for diastolic blood pressure is approximately 70-79 mmHg for most healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Systemic Arterial Stiffness | Systemic arterial stiffness was estimated as measurement of brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (meters per second). A higher value represents a worse outcome. Scale range is approximately 7.0 - 14.0 meters per second for healthy populations. | 12 weeks |
| Time to Onset of Claudication | Time to onset of claudication was measured during the 6-minute walking distance test (seconds). A higher value represents a better outcome. Healthy populations can typically walk the entire 6 minutes (360 seconds) without experiencing claudication. | 12 weeks |
| FG002 | Aquatic Walking Exercise Group 2 | The aquatic walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of hip flexion-extension, hip abduction-adduction, and knee flexion-extension. The last 30 minutes included water walking exercise (forward, backward). The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
| FG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Control Group | No exercise intervention |
| BG001 | Aquatic Walking Exercise Group 1 | The aquatic walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of hip flexion-extension, hip abduction-adduction, and knee flexion-extension. The last 30 minutes included water walking exercise (forward, backward). The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
| BG002 | Aquatic Walking Exercise Group 2 | The aquatic walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of hip flexion-extension, hip abduction-adduction, and knee flexion-extension. The last 30 minutes included water walking exercise (forward, backward). The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
| BG003 | Land-based Walking Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
| BG004 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
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| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants | Participants |
| |||||||||||
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
| ||||||||||
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
| |||||||||||
| Race and Ethnicity Not Collected | Race and Ethnicity were not collected from any participant. | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Peripheral Arterial Stiffness | Peripheral arterial stiffness was estimated as measurement of femoral-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (meters per second). A higher value represents a worse outcome. Scale range is approximately 7.0 - 14.0 meters per second for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | meters per second | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Body Composition | Body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance analysis as percent body fat. A higher value represents a worse outcome. Scale range is approximately 10-35% for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | body fat percentage (%) | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Resting Heart Rate | Resting heart rate was measured as beats per minute (bpm). A higher value represents a worse outcome. Acceptable scale range is approximately 60-80 bpm for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | beats per minute | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Systolic Blood Pressure | Blood pressure was measured as millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Higher values represent a worse outcome. Scale range for systolic blood pressure is approximately 110-129mmHg for most healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | millimeters of mercury | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Resting Metabolic Rate | Resting metabolic rate was measured as kilocalories per day. A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 1200-2200 kilocalories per day for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilocalories per day | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Cardiorespiratory Capacity | Cardiorespiratory capacity was measured as the volume of maximal oxygen consumption in milliliters per kilogram per minute (VO2max, mL/kg/min). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 25-60 mL/kg/min for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | milliliters/kilogram/minute of oxygen | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Exercise Tolerance - Walking Capacity | Walking capacity was measured using the 6-minute walk test in meters. A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 400-1000 meters for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | meters | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Upper Body Strength | Upper body strength was measured as hand grip strength in kilograms (kg). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 20-60kg for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Lower Body Strength | Lower body strength was measured with leg extension in kilograms (kg). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 20-120 kg for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | kilograms | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Lower Body Flexibility | Lower body flexibility was measured using sit-and-reach in centimeters (cm). A higher value represents a better outcome. Scale range is approximately 10-30 cm for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | centimeters | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 General Health Survey for Physical Function | The physical function domain score of the Medical Outcomes Study Short-Form 36 General Health Survey was measured. The scale range is from 0 to 100 percent. Higher scores represent a better outcome. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | score in percents | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Diastolic Blood Pressure | Blood pressure was measured as millimeters of mercury (mmHg). Higher values represent a worse outcome. Scale range for diastolic blood pressure is approximately 70-79 mmHg for most healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | millimeters of mercury | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Systemic Arterial Stiffness | Systemic arterial stiffness was estimated as measurement of brachial-to-ankle pulse wave velocity (meters per second). A higher value represents a worse outcome. Scale range is approximately 7.0 - 14.0 meters per second for healthy populations. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | meters per second | 12 weeks |
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| Secondary | Time to Onset of Claudication | Time to onset of claudication was measured during the 6-minute walking distance test (seconds). A higher value represents a better outcome. Healthy populations can typically walk the entire 6 minutes (360 seconds) without experiencing claudication. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | seconds | 12 weeks |
|
6 months
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Control Group | No exercise intervention | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 |
| EG001 | Aquatic Walking Exercise Group 1 | The aquatic walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of hip flexion-extension, hip abduction-adduction, and knee flexion-extension. The last 30 minutes included water walking exercise (forward, backward). The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 | 0 | 42 |
| EG002 | Aquatic Walking Exercise Group 2 | The aquatic walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of hip flexion-extension, hip abduction-adduction, and knee flexion-extension. The last 30 minutes included water walking exercise (forward, backward). The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. | 0 | 32 | 0 | 32 | 0 | 32 |
| EG003 | Land-based Walking Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. | 0 | 31 | 0 | 31 | 0 | 31 |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Song-Young Park | The University of Nebraska at Omaha | 402-554-3374 | song-youngpark@unomaha.edu |
| Feb 18, 2020 |
| Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D058729 | Peripheral Arterial Disease |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050197 | Atherosclerosis |
| D001161 | Arteriosclerosis |
| D001157 | Arterial Occlusive Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D016491 | Peripheral Vascular Diseases |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| Participants |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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| OG003 | Land-based Walking Exercise Group | The land-based walking exercise program was performed for 60 minutes per day, 4 times per week for 12 weeks. The program consisted of a warm-up (10 min) and cool-down (10 min) which included stretching and gait training. The 40-minute main exercise session included 10 minutes of low-intensity forward, backward, and lateral side-stepping movements on flat group. The remaining 30 minutes included treadmill walking exercise. The program intensity was established using heart rate reserve (HRR). Weeks 1-4 were at 50-60% HRR, weeks 5-8 were at 60-70% HRR, and weeks 9-12 were at 70-85% HRR. Subjects wore a heart rate monitor during the whole exercise training session in order to maintain the designated training intensity. |
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