This study explored the cross-sectional and prospective associations between light-to-moderate alcohol consumption (LMAC) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Inclusion Criteria:

1. aged 18 years or above
2. undergoing annual health examinations in 2009 in Zhenhai Lianhua Hospital, Ningbo, China.
3. informed about the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. female participants;
2. missing data on ultrasound, alcohol consumption, and T2DM status;
3. alcohol consumption > 210 g per week, and binge drinkers;
4. with evidence of other liver diseases including viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, and drug-induced liver disease.

Consecutive Chinese adults underwent annual health examinations in 2009 were enrolled in the cohort study. Follow-up between 2009 and 2018 were obtained in Zhenhai Lianhua Hospital, Ningbo.