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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Jessa Hospital | OTHER |
| University of Zagreb | OTHER |
| Molzym | UNKNOWN |
| AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH |
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Sepsis is a life-threatening disease caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. This can lead to organ-dysfunction and septic shock, which is a subset of sepsis where underlying abnormalities increase mortality remarkably. Blood cultures are the gold standard for identifying pathogens in the bloodstream (bacteremia). It is based on cultivation techniques which, theoretically, can detect a single pathogenic cell from a patient sample. However, blood cultures have serious limitations, such as long time to result (3-7 days). This leads to the fact that only a small fraction of the patients obtain a correct diagnosis and in further consequence get the optimal antimicrobial treatment. Patients with sepsis should get antimicrobial treatment within the hour. Thus, physicians start treatment empirically, with broad-spectrum antibiotics. This puts a selective pressure on pathogens and has led to an increased amount of antibiotic resistance. Faster diagnostics are necessary to ensure an immediate and targeted treatment. In the EU-funded FAPIC project, two diagnostic systems that can be used with direct sample material from patients will be developed, avoiding the time-consuming cultivation of pathogens.
In this study, the evaluation of the rapid diagnostics will be performed in patients with sepsis, suspected of bacteremia. To this aim, the performance of the diagnostic systems will be evaluated using blood samples that are collected in parallel with blood cultures. In addition, clinical data of the patients will be collected. In routine care, two blood culture sets (2x2 bottles) per patient are collected. One extra blood samples (EDTA, 9 ml) will be sampled with each blood culture set, totaling 2 samples per patient. In this study, patients presenting at the Emergency Department (ED), and the department of infectious diseases/nephrology will be included. The results will be used to estimate the performance, sensitivity, and specificity of the diagnostic systems compared to blood culture. Furthermore, in order to determine the severity of sepsis and to describe the patient population, clinically relevant parameters and laboratory parameters (ferritin, HLA-DR, serum lactate, SOFA score) will be assessed to determine its association with severity of disease and patient mortality. Evaluation will be done exclusively in the lab, and will not be used directly for the diagnosis or management of patients. Standard care will still be provided.
This study is a follow-up study of the first prospective study performed in 2017 in the same hospital. The ClinicalTrials.gov ID number of the previous study was NCT03025802.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patients with suspected sepsis | Patients for whom blood cultures are drawn at the Emergency Department or the department of Infectious Diseases/Nephrology |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Confirmed bacteremia based on positive blood cultures (SOFA score) | Differences in SOFA score between patients with positive blood cultures and patients with negative blood cultures. SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; Range 0-4 (better to worse). | 7 days |
| Confirmed bacteremia based on positive blood cultures (Serum Lactate) | Differences in Serum Lactate levels between patients with positive blood cultures and patients with negative blood cultures | 7 days |
| Confirmed bacteremia based on positive blood cultures (Ferritin) | Differences in Ferritin levels between patients with positive blood cultures and patients with negative blood cultures | 7 days |
| Test performance | Performance characteristics (Clinical sensitivity, specificity and accuracy) of a new rapid diagnostic systems | 1 year |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Length of Stay (SOFA score) | Differences in length of stay between patients with high and with low SOFA score SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; Range 0-4 (better to worse). | 1 year |
| Length of Stay (Serum Lactate) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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Patients with suspected sepsis, for whom blood cultures are drawn.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Inge C Gyssens, MD, PhD | Radboud University Medical Center | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jessa Hospital | Hasselt | Limburg | 3500 | Belgium |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26903338 | Background | Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC. The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):801-10. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0287. | |
| 26903336 |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| FAPIC project website | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016470 | Bacteremia |
| D018805 | Sepsis |
| D012772 | Shock, Septic |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001424 | Bacterial Infections |
| D001423 | Bacterial Infections and Mycoses |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D018746 | Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome |
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| OTHER |
| BEE Robotics | UNKNOWN |
| University of Warwick | OTHER |
| Claude Bernard University | OTHER |
| Axo Science | UNKNOWN |
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1 EDTA bood sample per blood culture set (2 per patient). 5mL of samples is used for validation of DNA-based diagnostics developed within the FAPIC-project. 4mL of samples is used for HLA-DR typing using flow cytometry. Left-overs are stored as plasma for future research.
Differences in length of stay between patients with high and with low Serum Lactate levels
| 1 year |
| Length of Stay (Ferritin) | Differences in length of stay between patients with high and with low Ferritin levels | 1 year |
| 30-day Mortality (Sofa score) | Differences in 30-day mortality between patients with high and with low SOFA score SOFA: Sequential Organ Failure Assessment; Range 0-4 (better to worse). | 30 days |
| 30-day Mortality (Serum Lactate) | Differences 30-day mortality between patients with high and with low Serum Lactate levels | 30 days |
| 30-day Mortality (Ferritin) | Differences 30-day mortality between patients with high and with low Ferritin levels | 30 days |
| Background |
| Shankar-Hari M, Phillips GS, Levy ML, Seymour CW, Liu VX, Deutschman CS, Angus DC, Rubenfeld GD, Singer M; Sepsis Definitions Task Force. Developing a New Definition and Assessing New Clinical Criteria for Septic Shock: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA. 2016 Feb 23;315(8):775-87. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0289. |
| 23480440 | Background | Faix JD. Biomarkers of sepsis. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 2013 Jan-Feb;50(1):23-36. doi: 10.3109/10408363.2013.764490. |
| 22220196 | Background | Lvovschi V, Arnaud L, Parizot C, Freund Y, Juillien G, Ghillani-Dalbin P, Bouberima M, Larsen M, Riou B, Gorochov G, Hausfater P. Cytokine profiles in sepsis have limited relevance for stratifying patients in the emergency department: a prospective observational study. PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e28870. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028870. Epub 2011 Dec 29. |
| 21398306 | Background | Kibe S, Adams K, Barlow G. Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of sepsis in critical care. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011 Apr;66 Suppl 2:ii33-40. doi: 10.1093/jac/dkq523. |
| 19050640 | Background | Cinel I, Opal SM. Molecular biology of inflammation and sepsis: a primer. Crit Care Med. 2009 Jan;37(1):291-304. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0b013e31819267fb. |
| 10608764 | Background | Gogos CA, Drosou E, Bassaris HP, Skoutelis A. Pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in patients with severe sepsis: a marker for prognosis and future therapeutic options. J Infect Dis. 2000 Jan;181(1):176-80. doi: 10.1086/315214. |
| 23968282 | Background | Rosario C, Zandman-Goddard G, Meyron-Holtz EG, D'Cruz DP, Shoenfeld Y. The hyperferritinemic syndrome: macrophage activation syndrome, Still's disease, septic shock and catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome. BMC Med. 2013 Aug 22;11:185. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-185. |
| 25386930 | Background | Schulert GS, Grom AA. Pathogenesis of macrophage activation syndrome and potential for cytokine- directed therapies. Annu Rev Med. 2015;66:145-59. doi: 10.1146/annurev-med-061813-012806. Epub 2014 Nov 5. |
| 24549403 | Background | Kell DB, Pretorius E. Serum ferritin is an important inflammatory disease marker, as it is mainly a leakage product from damaged cells. Metallomics. 2014 Apr;6(4):748-73. doi: 10.1039/c3mt00347g. |
| 26154908 | Background | Carcillo JA, Simon DW, Podd BS. How We Manage Hyperferritinemic Sepsis-Related Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome/Macrophage Activation Syndrome/Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Histiocytosis. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2015 Jul;16(6):598-600. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0000000000000460. No abstract available. |
| 21263363 | Background | Bennett TD, Hayward KN, Farris RW, Ringold S, Wallace CA, Brogan TV. Very high serum ferritin levels are associated with increased mortality and critical care in pediatric patients. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2011 Nov;12(6):e233-6. doi: 10.1097/PCC.0b013e31820abca8. |
| 28918754 | Background | Kyriazopoulou E, Leventogiannis K, Norrby-Teglund A, Dimopoulos G, Pantazi A, Orfanos SE, Rovina N, Tsangaris I, Gkavogianni T, Botsa E, Chassiou E, Kotanidou A, Kontouli C, Chaloulis P, Velissaris D, Savva A, Cullberg JS, Akinosoglou K, Gogos C, Armaganidis A, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ; Hellenic Sepsis Study Group. Macrophage activation-like syndrome: an immunological entity associated with rapid progression to death in sepsis. BMC Med. 2017 Sep 18;15(1):172. doi: 10.1186/s12916-017-0930-5. |
| 26584195 | Background | Shakoory B, Carcillo JA, Chatham WW, Amdur RL, Zhao H, Dinarello CA, Cron RQ, Opal SM. Interleukin-1 Receptor Blockade Is Associated With Reduced Mortality in Sepsis Patients With Features of Macrophage Activation Syndrome: Reanalysis of a Prior Phase III Trial. Crit Care Med. 2016 Feb;44(2):275-81. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000001402. |
| 28274246 | Background | Antonakos N, Tsaganos T, Oberle V, Tsangaris I, Lada M, Pistiki A, Machairas N, Souli M, Bauer M, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ. Decreased cytokine production by mononuclear cells after severe gram-negative infections: early clinical signs and association with final outcome. Crit Care. 2017 Mar 9;21(1):48. doi: 10.1186/s13054-017-1625-1. |
| 29499723 | Background | Gainaru G, Papadopoulos A, Tsangaris I, Lada M, Giamarellos-Bourboulis EJ, Pistiki A. Increases in inflammatory and CD14dim/CD16pos/CD45pos patrolling monocytes in sepsis: correlation with final outcome. Crit Care. 2018 Mar 3;22(1):56. doi: 10.1186/s13054-018-1977-1. |
| 27760554 | Background | Drewry AM, Ablordeppey EA, Murray ET, Beiter ER, Walton AH, Hall MW, Hotchkiss RS. Comparison of monocyte human leukocyte antigen-DR expression and stimulated tumor necrosis factor alpha production as outcome predictors in severe sepsis: a prospective observational study. Crit Care. 2016 Oct 20;20(1):334. doi: 10.1186/s13054-016-1505-0. |
| 24321376 | Background | Cazalis MA, Friggeri A, Cave L, Demaret J, Barbalat V, Cerrato E, Lepape A, Pachot A, Monneret G, Venet F. Decreased HLA-DR antigen-associated invariant chain (CD74) mRNA expression predicts mortality after septic shock. Crit Care. 2013 Dec 10;17(6):R287. doi: 10.1186/cc13150. |
| 29133071 | Background | Wang AY, Ma HP, Kao WF, Tsai SH, Chang CK. Red blood cell distribution width is associated with mortality in elderly patients with sepsis. Am J Emerg Med. 2018 Jun;36(6):949-953. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2017.10.056. Epub 2017 Nov 10. |
| 24321201 | Background | Kim CH, Park JT, Kim EJ, Han JH, Han JS, Choi JY, Han SH, Yoo TH, Kim YS, Kang SW, Oh HJ. An increase in red blood cell distribution width from baseline predicts mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. Crit Care. 2013 Dec 9;17(6):R282. doi: 10.1186/cc13145. |
| 35264246 | Derived | D'Onofrio V, Heylen D, Pusparum M, Grondman I, Vanwalleghem J, Meersman A, Cartuyvels R, Messiaen P, Joosten LAB, Netea MG, Valkenborg D, Ertaylan G, Gyssens IC. A prospective observational cohort study to identify inflammatory biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of patients with sepsis. J Intensive Care. 2022 Mar 9;10(1):13. doi: 10.1186/s40560-022-00602-x. |
| 33274416 | Derived | D'Onofrio V, Van Steenkiste E, Meersman A, Waumans L, Cartuyvels R, Van Halem K, Messiaen P, Gyssens IC. Differentiating influenza from COVID-19 in patients presenting with suspected sepsis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2021 May;40(5):987-995. doi: 10.1007/s10096-020-04109-x. Epub 2020 Dec 3. |
| D007249 | Inflammation |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012769 | Shock |