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No consensus has yet been built on the treatment of lateral epicondylitis (LE) due to the lack of evidence. Although conflicting results are present, radial extracorporeal shock wave therapy (rESWT) has increasingly been used in the treatment of tendinopathy
ESWT and exercise have beneficial effects on the management of tendinopathies owing to their various mechanisms that showed therapeutic efficacy. Owing to its positive outcomes, extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) has recently been used in the treatment of musculoskeletal system diseases such as plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinopathy, calcific rotator cuff tendinopathies, and patellar tendinopathy
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| rESWT | Experimental | the group receiving rESWT |
|
| supervised exercises | Active Comparator | the group receiving supervised exercises |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| rESWT | Device | rESWT was administered once per week for 3 weeks using a ShockMaster 500 device with 1.8 bar pneumatic pressure, 10 Hz frequency, with 2000 pulses. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change Patient-rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation score | The Patient-rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation is a specific questionnaire designed for the evaluation of the disease-specific pain and function/disability in LE. The scores were calculated separately and as the total PRTEE score, where 0 represented the best score, and 100 represented the worst score. The PRTEE consists of a pain scale with 5 items questioning pain during rest and specific activities (0 represents 'no pain' and 10 represents 'the highest pain'), and a function/disability scale with 10 items evaluating difficulties experienced during specific and daily activities (0 represents 'no difficulty' and 10 represents 'the highest difficulty) | Change from Baseline at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change Visual Analogue Scale score | The self-evaluation of pain severity during rest and activity in the previous week was calculated using a 10-cm VAS scale | Change from Baseline at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. |
| Change Roles and Maudsley Score |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D013716 | Tennis Elbow |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000070639 | Elbow Tendinopathy |
| D052256 | Tendinopathy |
| D009135 | Muscular Diseases |
| D009140 | Musculoskeletal Diseases |
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| Supervised exercises | Other | A program including post-isometric relaxation, and progressive resistance exercise (eccentric wrist extension) on the wrist extensors |
|
The Roles and Maudsley score was used to evaluate pain and activity limitation as classified in four categories: 1 point = excellent, "no pain, complete movement, and complete activity;" 2 points = good, "discomfort from time to time, complete movement, and complete activity;" 3 points = fair, "discomfort after long-duration activity;" and 4 points = poor, "pain that restricts activity". |
| Change from Baseline at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. |
| Change Grip Strength score | Grip strength of the affected upper extremity was calculated using a Hydraulic Hand Dynamometer | Change from Baseline at 1 month and 3 months after treatment. |
| D000092464 |
| Elbow Injuries |
| D001134 | Arm Injuries |
| D014947 | Wounds and Injuries |
| D013708 | Tendon Injuries |