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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration | UNKNOWN |
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The investigators are proposing an experiment to help a national auto insurance company test behavioral economic strategies to reduce the amount of time policy holders actively use their cell phone while driving. Interventions include financial incentives, social comparison, and nudges, and survey data will also be collected. Data collected from this internal trial will be shared with the Penn research team and analyzed
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control (monitor only) | No Intervention | Continue in monitoring only mode | |
| Social comparison feedback | Experimental | Report user's handheld phone use/ hour of driving for week. Compare this week's performance to distribution for driver cohort. |
|
| End of rating period incentive | Experimental | Monitor throughout intervention period and compare overall use to distribution for cohort. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned. |
|
| End of rating period incentive + social comparison feedback | Experimental | Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant at end of intervention period regarding the amount they have earned. |
|
| Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback | Experimental | Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weekly feedback | Behavioral | Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Seconds of active phone use per hour of driving | Percentage of driving time engaging in active handheld phone use (also measured as seconds of distracted driving/hour of driving) | 150 days |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Seconds of passive phone use per hour of driving | Seconds of passive handheld, non-call use per hour of driving | 150 days |
| Hard breaking events per 100 miles | notifications turned off, drop out of study, app uninstall |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| M. Kit Delgado, MD, MS | University of Pennsylvania | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Pennsylvania | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19104 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27695663 | Background | Delgado MK, Wanner KJ, McDonald C. Adolescent Cellphone Use While Driving: An Overview of the Literature and Promising Future Directions for Prevention. Media Commun. 2016 Jun 16;4(3):79-89. doi: 10.17645/mac.v4i3.536. | |
| 25887045 | Background | French B, Small DS, Novak J, Saulsgiver KA, Harhay MO, Asch DA, Volpp KG, Halpern SD. Preference-adaptive randomization in comparative effectiveness studies. Trials. 2015 Mar 18;16:99. doi: 10.1186/s13063-015-0592-6. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Center for Insurance Policy Research. Usage-Based Insurance and Telematics. National Association of Insurance Commissioners. | View source |
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PI will not own individual participant data
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Jul 24, 2019 |
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| Larger weekly loss-framed incentive+social comparison feedback | Experimental | Monitor throughout intervention period and compare weekly phone use to driver cohort distribution. Send weekly push notification to provide feedback. Notify participant weekly regarding the amount they have earned. Incentive amount is higher than "Weekly loss-framed incentive + social comparison feedback" Arm. |
|
| End of intervention period incentive | Behavioral | Notify participant about potential incentive at the end of the intervention period, but do not provide weekly feedback about performance. |
|
| Loss-framed weekly incentive | Behavioral | Send push notification reporting user's handheld phone use while driving compared to distribution for driver cohort (age, geographic area) each week. Pay participant weekly according to where they fall on the distribution each week. |
|
| 150 days |
| Hard acceleration events per 100 miles | Hard acceleration events per 100 miles | 150 days |
| 17898105 | Background | Halpern SD, Ubel PA, Asch DA. Harnessing the power of default options to improve health care. N Engl J Med. 2007 Sep 27;357(13):1340-4. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsb071595. No abstract available. |
| 25970009 | Background | Halpern SD, French B, Small DS, Saulsgiver K, Harhay MO, Audrain-McGovern J, Loewenstein G, Brennan TA, Asch DA, Volpp KG. Randomized trial of four financial-incentive programs for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 2015 May 28;372(22):2108-17. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1414293. Epub 2015 May 13. |
| 26280804 | Background | Hayashi Y, Russo CT, Wirth O. Texting while driving as impulsive choice: A behavioral economic analysis. Accid Anal Prev. 2015 Oct;83:182-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2015.07.025. Epub 2015 Aug 13. |
| 24382065 | Background | Klauer SG, Guo F, Simons-Morton BG, Ouimet MC, Lee SE, Dingus TA. Distracted driving and risk of road crashes among novice and experienced drivers. N Engl J Med. 2014 Jan 2;370(1):54-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsa1204142. |
| 22664664 | Background | Lahrmann H, Agerholm N, Tradisauskas N, Berthelsen KK, Harms L. Pay as You Speed, ISA with incentive for not speeding: results and interpretation of speed data. Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Sep;48:17-28. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.03.015. Epub 2011 Apr 9. |
| 18042920 | Background | Loewenstein G, Brennan T, Volpp KG. Asymmetric paternalism to improve health behaviors. JAMA. 2007 Nov 28;298(20):2415-7. doi: 10.1001/jama.298.20.2415. No abstract available. |
| 26976287 | Background | Patel MS, Asch DA, Rosin R, Small DS, Bellamy SL, Eberbach K, Walters KJ, Haff N, Lee SM, Wesby L, Hoffer K, Shuttleworth D, Taylor DH, Hilbert V, Zhu J, Yang L, Wang X, Volpp KG. Individual Versus Team-Based Financial Incentives to Increase Physical Activity: A Randomized, Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2016 Jul;31(7):746-54. doi: 10.1007/s11606-016-3627-0. Epub 2016 Mar 14. |
| 23516803 | Background | Reagan IJ, Bliss JP, Van Houten R, Hilton BW. The effects of external motivation and real-time automated feedback on speeding behavior in a naturalistic setting. Hum Factors. 2013 Feb;55(1):218-30. doi: 10.1177/0018720812447812. |
| 38985474 | Derived | Delgado MK, Ebert JP, Xiong RA, Winston FK, McDonald CC, Rosin RM, Volpp KG, Barnett IJ, Small DS, Wiebe DJ, Abdel-Rahman D, Hemmons JE, Finegold R, Kotrc B, Radford E, Fisher WJ, Gaba KL, Everett WC, Halpern SD. Feedback and Financial Incentives for Reducing Cell Phone Use While Driving: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024 Jul 1;7(7):e2420218. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.20218. |
| State Farm. (2014). Distracted Driving | View source |
| Jul 24, 2019 |
| Prot_SAP_001.pdf |