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Selective inclusion/exclusion criteria led to low enrollment which was not viable for the sponsor and site.
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The objective of the study is to evaluate the impact of a wireless smart insulin pen and smartphone-based bolus advisor on clinical and psychosocial outcomes in insulin-treated diabetes mellitus patients after 3 months of use.
The study is a prospective, randomized, controlled treatment design. The study device will be used for multiple daily injection (MDI) therapy of insulin. The participant will interact with the study device in the uncontrolled environment of the participant's daily life. The study protocol is designed to yield meaningful data to determine clinical and psychosocial benefits of using the study device. The study will evaluate the study device as an intervention versus a control group.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment Arm | Experimental | Study subjects will administer prandial insulin to manage their diabetes using a connected insulin pen and smartphone app with integrated dose calculator. |
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| Control Arm | Sham Comparator | Study subjects will administer prandial insulin to manage their diabetes using an inactive connected insulin pen without smartphone app. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Connected insulin pen and smartphone app | Device | The InPen system is a reusable pen injector for single-patient use by people with diabetes age 12 and older for the self-injection of a desired dose of insulin. The pen injector is paired with a smartphone app with dose calculator. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| CGM time in range | Percent CGM time in range (70-180 mg/dL) at 90 days, measured over 14 day period | 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Absolute change in HbA1c | Average change in HbA1c from Baseline to Month 3 compared between groups | 3 months |
| Mean sensor glucose (mg/dL) | Mean sensor glucose will be measured on the final blinded, professional CGM session performed at the end of the 3 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in glycemic variability (CV and SD) | 3 months | |
| Number of missed bolus doses and missed basal doses | 3 months | |
| Number of SMBG measurements in participants not using CGM |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| David Ahn, MD | Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mary & Dick Allen Diabetes Center, Hoag Memorial Hospital Presbyterian | Newport Beach | California | 92663 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
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Prospective, randomized, controlled treatment
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Participants in the control arm will use a blinded device. All participants will be blinded to baseline time-in-range and HbA1c measures. Investigators will be blinded to professional CGM baseline time-in-range.
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| Inactive connected insulin pen without smartphone app | Device | The InPen system is a reusable pen injector for single-patient use by people with diabetes age 12 and older for the self-injection of a desired dose of insulin. The pen injector is inactive and not paired with a smartphone app or dose calculator. |
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| 3 months |
| Percent CGM time spent in hypoglycemia (70-54 mg/dl, < 54 mg/dL) | Percent of time spent in hypoglycemia from Baseline to Month 3 will be compared between groups | 3 months |
| Percent CGM time spent in hyperglycemic range (>180 mg/dl, >250 mg/dL) | Percent of time spent in hyperglycemia from Baseline to Month 3 will be compared between groups | 3 months |
| Change in patient reported outcomes - ADDQoL | The Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (ADDQoL) Questionnaire measures diabetes-specific quality of life. The 19 items measure the impact of diabetes on specific aspects of life and the importance of these aspects of life for quality of life. | 3 months |
| Change in patient reported outcomes - DTSQ | The Diabetes Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire (DTSQ) measures diabetes treatment satisfaction. The 8 items measure treatment satisfaction and perceived frequency of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. | 3 months |
| Change in patient reported outcomes - IDSS | The Insulin Delivery Satisfaction Survey (IDSS) measures insulin delivery device satisfaction. The 14 items measure provides a comprehensive profile of sources of device satisfaction. | 3 months |
| Change in patient reported outcomes - HCS | The Hypoglycemic Confidence Scale (HCS) Hypoglycemic measures the degree to which patients feel able, secure, and comfortable regarding their ability to avoid hypoglycemia. | 3 months |
| 3 months |
| Number of insulin dose administrations | 3 months |