Oxiconazole Nitrate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles : Formulation, In-vitro Characterization and Clinical Assessment of An Analogous Loaded Carbopol Gel
Oxiconazole Nitrate Solid Lipid Nanoparticles : Formulation, In-vitro Characterization and Clinical Assessment of An Analogous Loaded Carbopol Gel
Clinical study for the developed oxiconazole nitrate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) gel system compared to the corresponding marketed product was conducted on 28 patients with different types of tinea fungal infection.
The clinical work has been carried out in accordance with The Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association for experiments involving humans. The study was conducted on 28 patients (12 to 50 years old) with tinea of different types attending the dermatology department outpatient clinic of Minia University Hospital. Local institutional review board approval was obtained for this study (ethical approval number is 23/12). Pregnant females and patients with Immunocompromising disease,open wounds and psychological disorders were excluded. Patients were subjected to skin irritation test by applying gel on an area of 2 square inch to the back of hand. Then, examination for the presence of lesion or irritation was conducted. The patients divided into two groups of 14 patients each. Tinox® group was male patients from 12 to 43 years old. The included cases were 5 tinea pedis, 9 tinea versicolor. Oxiconazole nitrate SLNs loaded gel group was 13 males and one female from17 to 50 years old. The included cases were 3 tinea pedis, 8 tinea versicolor, 3 tinea circinate. An informed consent has been obtained from all patients enrolled in the study for photography and treatment. History, general local examination and laboratory investigation for all patients were conducted.The patients were clinically examined after determining the type of infection. Tinox® group was treated with Tinox® cream 1 % while oxiconazole nitrate SLNs loaded gel group was treated with the oxiconazole nitrate SLNs-loaded gel. Treatment was performed by rubbing the cream or gel twice daily for two/ four weeks according to different types of tinea. Patients were advised to avoid sun exposure between 10 am and 4 pm and avoid removal of the applied dose during the period of follow up, the clinical improvement of the patients and length of treatment was assessed according to quartile grading scale patient satisfaction. It was rated by the patient and the physician as excellent, good, fair and poor according to the following criteria. Excellent: both the patient and the physician agreed that the result was satisfactory. Good: the result although acceptable was not quite up to expectation of the patient, but the physicians were pleased with the outcome. Fair: the improvement was evaluated by both the patient and the physician to be less than expected but still with same improvement. Poor: unsatisfactory results to the patient and /or the physician. All adverse effects were checked during study.High resolution digital photographs were taken for lesions of all patients using identical camera folder setting before starting and one-month post treatment. Clinical improvement was evaluated by physicians through comparing photographs. The criteria for evaluations using a quartile grading scale was: 0=no improvement. 1=mild (percent improvement, less than 25%), 2=moderate (percent improvement 25-49%), 3=good (percent improvement 50-74%), 4=excellent (percent improvement more than 75%). In addition, a patient satisfaction score was rated using the following scale, A. not satisfied, B. somewhat satisfied, C. highly satisfied.
Skin scrapes were taken from each group before and after treatment. All skin scrapes were routinely processed by potassium hydroxide 20% to be examined for presence of fungal elements. A built-in camera and a light microscope were used to photograph and examine the sectioned skin areas.
IBM SPSS® ( International business machine statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 22, USA) was utilised for data analysis. The acceptability of the tested formulations was assessed using the chi-square test, P ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All the results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation (SD).
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria: