Ninety women with PCOS candidate for ICSI were randomized to 2 groups:Group A: fresh samples of PCOS patients undergoing IVF (no= 45) and Group B: frozen samples of PCOS patients undergoing IVF (no= 45). Morphologically good embryos will be cultured in a culture dish and the supernatants will be collected freshly from culture system at day 3 and stored at -20 ̊ c until being tested. Morphologically good embryos scheduled for freezing will be cryopreserved for less than one year and thawed, the supernatant will be collected and stored at -20 ̊ c until being tested. Quantification of mtDNA in fresh and frozen culture media using qPCR technique.The template DNA prepared and the dilution standards prepared will be used for qPCR to determine the amount of MtDNA and nuclear DNA in the sample using QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Kit

Ninety women with PCOS candidate for ICSI were randomized to 2 groups:Group A: fresh samples of PCOS patients undergoing IVF (no= 45) and Group B: frozen samples of PCOS patients undergoing IVF (no= 45). Morphologically good embryos will be cultured in a culture dish and the supernatants will be collected freshly from culture system at day 3 and stored at -20 ̊ c until being tested. Morphologically good embryos scheduled for freezing will be cryopreserved for less than one year and thawed, the supernatant will be collected and stored at -20 ̊ c until being tested. Quantification of mtDNA in fresh and frozen culture media using qPCR technique.The template DNA prepared and the dilution standards prepared will be used for qPCR to determine the amount of MtDNA and nuclear DNA in the sample using QuantiTect SYBR Green PCR Kit (Qiagen)

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age: 20-35 yrs.

2. BMI: ≤25.

3. PCO: diagnosed by Rotterdam criteria (at least two of the following):

   1. Polycystic ovary morphology with one ovary being sufficient for diagnosis.
   2. Hyperandrogenism: clinically or biochemically.
   3. Anovulation or oligo-ovulation.

4. Gravidity and parity: Nulligravida.

5. Compliance: primary infertility

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known medical problems as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac, hepatic or renal problem.
• Special habits of medical importance as smoking.
• Other endocrinopathies

Detailed history taking with special emphasis on:

1. Personal history (name, age, marital state, parity, address).
2. Menstrual history (duration, cycle, amount, regularity, last menstrual period).
3. Medical history for acne and hirsutism.

Clinical examination with special emphasis on:

1. Height and weight of the patients to calculate the BMI (weight in kg/ height in m2).
2. Examinationfor presence of acne and/ or hirsutism (patients with score > 8 on Ferryman & Gallawey score were considered as hirsute).
3. Ultrasound examination to confirm diagnosis of PCOS (Using the vaginal probe).