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The purpose of the present study is to test in a preliminary manner an innovative strategy for treating depression among adolescents (alongside existing therapy) using community volunteerism.
The purpose of the present study is to test in a preliminary manner an innovative strategy for treating depression among adolescents (alongside existing therapy) using community volunteerism. In addition, this study will test a potential mechanism by which volunteering might decrease depressive symptoms: increasing psychosocial assets, specifically decreasing self-orientation and increasing an orientation toward others. This will be measured through self-report as well as using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). This study will be the first study to explore how neural response patterns are potentially altered by intense experiences with volunteerism among depressed adolescents.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Adolescent Participants | Experimental | Participants will be assigned to participate in community service (from a menu of options) for 30 hours. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Volunteer experience | Behavioral | Participants will be assigned to a meaningful volunteer experience from a menu of local options (e.g., volunteering at an animal shelter or in a library) for 30 hours. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Participant recruitment | Number of participants screened (reported by clinical mental health providers) | 6 months |
| Participant retention | Number of participants retained in full study | 6 months |
| Depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory) | Beck Depression Inventory to measure depressive symptoms. Each item is rated on a 4-point scale ranging from 0 to 3. The minimum total score is 0 and the maximum total score is 63. Higher scores denote worse outcome | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Strength of Connectivity in DMN (Default Mode Network) | Default Mode Network Connectivity will be measured using fMRI at rest and while processing emotional pictures before and after volunteering intervention. The strength of connectivity within the DMN will be calculated by averaging attributes for each node in the DMN. | 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Experience in Volunteering | Measured through the Inventory of Service Experience (Taylor & Pancer, 2007) on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Scores will be averaged for subscales of the measure. Higher score denotes better outcomes (more positive experiences with volunteering). | 6 months |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Parissa Ballard, PhD | Wake Forest University Health Sciences | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trinity Center, Inc | Winston-Salem | North Carolina | 27101 | United States | ||
| TriCare, PA |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Background | Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond: Guilford Press | ||
| 19689506 | Background | Beesdo K, Hofler M, Leibenluft E, Lieb R, Bauer M, Pfennig A. Mood episodes and mood disorders: patterns of incidence and conversion in the first three decades of life. Bipolar Disord. 2009 Sep;11(6):637-49. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-5618.2009.00738.x. | |
| 16199119 |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ICF | No | No | Yes | Informed Consent Form | Jun 12, 2020 | Feb 23, 2021 | ICF_000.pdf |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| D000294 | Adolescent Behavior |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| Hope scale (Abler et al., 2017) |
Hope scale (Abler et al., 2017) will be measured on a scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Items will be averaged; higher scores denote better outcome (more hope). |
| 6 months |
| Beck Hopelessness Inventory | Beck Hopelessness Inventory will be used (scored from 1-20; higher score denotes worse outcome). | 6 months |
| Self-efficacy | NIH toolbox measure from 1 (never) to 5 (very often); scores will be averaged and high score indicates more self-efficacy. | 6 months |
| Orientation Toward Others | 5 point scale from 1=strongly disagree to 5=strongly agree. Scores will be averaged; higher score denotes more orientation toward others. | 6 months |
| Empathy | IRI (Interpersonal Reactivity Index) subscale to measure empathy on a 5 point scale from 1- strongly disagree to 5 -strongly agree. Scores will be averaged; higher score denotes more empathy. | 6 months |
| Winston-Salem |
| North Carolina |
| 27103 |
| United States |
| Private practice | Winston-Salem | North Carolina | 27106 | United States |
| Background |
| Butler AC, Chapman JE, Forman EM, Beck AT. The empirical status of cognitive-behavioral therapy: a review of meta-analyses. Clin Psychol Rev. 2006 Jan;26(1):17-31. doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2005.07.003. Epub 2005 Sep 30. |
| 26578927 | Background | Gudayol-Ferre E, Pero-Cebollero M, Gonzalez-Garrido AA, Guardia-Olmos J. Changes in brain connectivity related to the treatment of depression measured through fMRI: a systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015 Nov 3;9:582. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00582. eCollection 2015. |
| 11430842 | Background | Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Ries Merikangas K. Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective. Biol Psychiatry. 2001 Jun 15;49(12):1002-14. doi: 10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01129-5. |
| 19171889 | Background | Sheline YI, Barch DM, Price JL, Rundle MM, Vaishnavi SN, Snyder AZ, Mintun MA, Wang S, Coalson RS, Raichle ME. The default mode network and self-referential processes in depression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009 Feb 10;106(6):1942-7. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0812686106. Epub 2009 Jan 26. |