Photomotor Reflex to Evaluate the Role of the Non-visual Effects of Light in Neurological, Psychiatric and Ophthalmological Pathologies

Study of the Photomotor Reflex to Evaluate the Role of the Non-visual Effects of Light in Neurological, Psychiatric and Ophthalmological Pathologies

The light has visual and non-visual effects on organism and can act on the behavior, the mood, the cognition and the sleep. These effects are mediated by "classical" retina photoreceptors which allow vision (rods, cones) but also melanopsin cells. The non-visual effects of light seems to be altered in many neurological, psychiatric or ophtalmological conditions but their exact role in the pathogenesis remains poorly understand. The purpose of the study is to increase our knowledge of the non-visual effects of light and establish new therapeutic applications

Inclusion Criteria:

• Man or woman
• Aged 18 years or older
• Subject having signed a free and informed consent
• Subject affiliated to a social protection scheme Arm 1 :Subjects with primary sleep-wake disorder Arm 2 : subjects presenting a neurological pathology with disorder of the controls of the wake and the sleep Arm 3 : subject presenting a psychiatric pathology pathology with disorder of the controls of the wake and the sleep Arm 4 : subject presenting an ophthalmological pathology with possible alteration of the photoreception and / or phototransduction Arm 5 : subjects with photosensitivity with regulation disorder of sleep and wake Arm 6 : healthy subject

Exclusion Criteria:

Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) and all maculopathies (retinopathies pigmentosa, macular involvement of diabetes)

• Cataract with significant vision loss <5/10
• Chorioretinal neovascularization
• Subject in exclusion period determined by previous or current study
• Impossibility to give the subject information enlightened (subject in emergency situation, difficulties of understanding the subject, ...)
• Subject under the protection of justice
• Subject under guardianship or curatorship
• Pregnancy / Breastfeeding