The Association of Maternal Night-Eating Pattern With Glucose Tolerance During Pregnancy

The Association of Maternal Night-Eating Pattern With Glucose Tolerance During Pregnancy

This study aims to assess the associations of maternal food timing with glucose levels during pregnancy.

A novel line of research has emerged, suggesting that synchronizing the timing of food intake with body's circadian rhythms or day-night cycle has metabolic implications. Eating at the inappropriate time can disrupt circadian system which might induce metabolic perturbations, including glucose abnormalities. Recent evidence showed that circadian timing of eating was associated with glucose regulation in pregnant women. However, little is known about night-eating pattern during pregnancy, particularly the influence of nocturnal snacking on glycaemic control.

This cross-sectional study aims to recruit 400 pregnant women at 18-21 weeks' gestation. The investigators will assess maternal dietary intake, monitor 24-hour activity-rest pattern and light-dark exposure, and measure glucose and insulin profiles during the second trimester of pregnancy. Maternal socio-demographic status, lifestyle characteristics, health conditions and pregnancy outcomes will be asked through interview or retrieved from medical notes.

This study allows understanding the importance of circadian eating pattern, which is a modifiable behavior, in glycaemic control during pregnancy, and help to provide evidence for developing nutritional guidelines which can ameliorate metabolic health for mothers.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. 18-21 week's gestation
2. Singapore citizens or Singapore Permanent Residents
3. Age 18-45 years
4. Plan to follow-up for antenatal care in KK Women's and Children's Hospital
5. Intend to deliver in KK Women's and Children's Hospital
6. Provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Type 1 or 2 diabetes
2. Diabetes in pregnancy as confirmed by oral glucose tolerance test
3. Use of medications such as anticonvulsant medications or oral steroids in the past 1 month
4. Multiple pregnancy
5. On routine night-shift work for at least 3x/week over the past 1 month
6. Known or suspected allergy to medical grade adhesives
7. Chronic kidney diseases
8. Preeclampsia
9. Eventual miscarriage or undergo termination event