The investigators examined the effects on post-digestion brachial artery flow mediated dilation (FMD) and in vitro antioxidant capacity of 40% semolina flour replacement with sprouted chickpea flour.

The purpose of the current study was to examine in-vitro and in-vivo effects of replacing 40% of semolina flour with sprouted chickpea flour for the use in pasta. Antioxidant capacity in-vitro was measured by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity. Brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, a test of in-vivo endothelial function, was performed for assessment of effects on post-digestion endothelial function. The investigators hypothesized that FMD would be higher after consuming 40% of semolina flour with sprouted chickpea flour pasta vs. 100% of semolina flour pasta.

Inclusion Criteria:

• healthy adult

Exclusion Criteria:

• have diabetes mellitus, kidney disease, a history of cancer, cardiac issues, pulmonary disease, history of a stroke, obesity (for most people this means a body mass index greater than 30), or any life threatening chronic conditions.
• food allergies relevant to wheat, gluten, chickpea, and pasta sauce.
• are currently being treated for infectious mononucleosis, hepatitis, pneumonia, or other infectious diseases.
• are unable or unwilling to refrain from recreational drug (marijuana, cocaine, etc.) or alcohol use during the 24 hours prior to your exercise session.
• use nicotine products, or non-contraceptive hormonal therapy (birth control is okay).
• are pregnant or trying to become pregnant.

Healthy adults