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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of two weeks clenbuterol/placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle glucose disposal in healthy male volunteers.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Clenbuterol hydrochloride | Experimental | Subjects will ingest clenbuterol hydrochloride capsules (20 microgram/each) twice daily (40 microgram/day) for a maximum of 14 days. Subjects that received the clenbuterol hydrochloride capsules (at random) in the first study period will receive the placebo capsules during the second study period. |
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| Placebos | Placebo Comparator | Subjects will ingest placebo capsules matching the clenbuterol hydrochloride capsules one time per day for a maximum of 14 days. Subjects that received the placebo capsules (at random) in the first study period will receive the clenbuterol hydrochloride capsules during the second study period. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clenbuterol Hydrochloride | Drug | Daily ingestion of clenbuterol hydrochloride capsules (40 microgram/day) for a total period of 14 days with a wash-out period of 4 weeks. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal (Rd) | Comparison between prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal (Rd) during the high-insulin infusion step during the two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. | 2 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation | Comparison between acute (4h) and prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle GLUT4 translocation as assessed by means of wide-field microscopy in skeletal muscle biopsies | acute (4 hours) and long-term (2 weeks) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body weight/composition | Comparison between prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on body weight and composition as assessed by means of a Bodpod measurement. | 2 weeks |
| Plasma substrates |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Joris Hoeks, PhD | principle investigator | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maastricht University | Maastricht | Limburg | 6229ER | Netherlands |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36635304 | Derived | van Beek SMM, Bruls YMH, Vanweert F, Fealy CE, Connell NJ, Schaart G, Moonen-Kornips E, Jorgensen JA, Vaz FM, Smeets ETHC, Joris PJ, Gemmink A, Houtkooper RH, Hesselink MKC, Bengtsson T, Havekes B, Schrauwen P, Hoeks J. Effect of beta2-agonist treatment on insulin-stimulated peripheral glucose disposal in healthy men in a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Nat Commun. 2023 Jan 12;14(1):173. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-35798-5. |
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Randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, cross-over, single-center study
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| Placebos | Drug | Daily ingestion of placebo capsules for a total period of 14 days with a wash-out period of 4 weeks. |
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Comparison between acute (4h) and prolonged (1 and 2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on plasma substrate concentrations, including insulin, glucose, free fatty acids and TAGs.
| Acute (4 hours) and long-term (1 and 2 weeks) |
| Heart rate | Comparison between acute (4h) and prolonged (1 and 2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on heart rate as measured by means of an automated cuff. | Acute (4 hours) and long-term (1 and 2 weeks) |
| Blood pressure | Comparison between acute (4h) and prolonged (1 and 2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) as measured by means of an automated cuff. | Acute (4 hours) and long-term (1 and 2 weeks) |
| Insulin-mediated suppression of hepatic glucose production | Comparison between prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on hepatic glucose production as assessed during the two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. | 2 weeks |
| Energy expenditure and substrate oxidation | Comparison between acute (4h) and prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on energy expenditure and substrate oxidation as assessed by means of indirect calorimetry. | Acute (4 hours) and long-term (2 weeks) |
| Sleeping energy expenditure and substrate oxidation | Comparison between prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on sleeping energy expenditure and substrate oxidation as assessed by means of a metabolic chamber (indirect calorimetry). | 2-weeks |
| Skeletal muscle glycogen | Comparison between prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle glycogen as assessed in muscle biopsies. | 2 weeks |
| Skeletal muscle lipid content using wide-field microscopie | Comparison between prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle lipid content as assessed in muscle biopsies by wide-field microscopie. | 2 weeks |
| Skeletal muscle gene expression | Comparison between acute (4h) and prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle gene expression of specific pathways as determined in muscle biopsies by means of RT-qPCR | Acute (4 hours) and long-term (1 and 2 weeks) |
| Skeletal muscle protein expression using western blotting | Comparison between acute (4h) and prolonged (2 weeks) clenbuterol hydrochloride or placebo supplementation on skeletal muscle protein expression of specific pathways as determined in muscle biopsies as determined by means of Western Blotting | Acute (4 hours) and long-term (1 and 2 weeks) |