Evaluation of the Links Between Sleep Disorders and the Risk of Suicide Attempt

Evaluation of the Links Between Sleep Disorders and the Risk of Suicide Attempt

Several studies have demonstrated an association between sleep disorders such as insomnia and nightmares to suicidal ideations and behaviors.

Nevertheless, some of these studies are methodologically questionable especially in the exploration of sleep disorders. Furthermore, confounding factors such as depressive symptomatology are not controlled and the measurement of suicidal behavior has often been taken into account as a historical measure, not as a current event, which introduces uncertainties and a lack of precision regarding the temporality of the phenomena.

Today, while the links between sleep disorders and suicidal risk are well known, we have a lack of information on the importance and the role of sleep disorders as a precipitating factor. Indeed, few studies have evaluated the temporal link between sleep disorders and suicidal acts.

The objective of this study is to evaluate the links between acute and chronic sleep disorders and the risk of suicide attempt

Pilot, prospective, monocentric case-control study.

There are 2 groups of subjects :

• group of patients who have made a suicide attempt
• control group with only suicidal ideas

First visit V1 is performed within the first 72 hours of hospitalization. A re-assessment is scheduled 1 month after (V2).

At V1, collected parameters are : chronic sleep disorders, chronotype, specific sleep disorders in posttraumatic stress disorder, nightmares and the distress associated, childhood trauma, cognitive dysfunction, suicidal ideation and psychopathologic assessment.

At V2, we assess evolution of sleep disturbances and suicidal ideation.

Inclusion Criteria

Criterion specific to the studying group :

- Subjects hospitalized and whose indication of hospitalization is a suicide attempt by voluntary drug intoxication or phlebotomy during the last 72 hours, without any history of attempted suicide

Criterion specific to the control group:

- Subjects hospitalized since less than 72 hours, and whose indication of hospitalization is the presence of suicidal ideas, without any history of attempted suicide

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant of lactating women
• Diagnosed dementia pathology
• Proven intellectual disability
• Patient whose physical or mental state does not allow the passing of the tests of the study
• Under protective measures (guardianship/supervision)
• Refusal to participate in the study
• Diagnosed with chronic or severe psychiatric illness (psychotic disorder, bipolarity)