Comparing pre-operative transbronchial localization under augmented fluoroscopy and intra-operative transbronchial localization using electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy system for small lung nodules.

Using electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB), transbronchial localization can be performed in the operating room (OR) under general anesthesia without extra radiation exposure, which is expected to reduce the discomfort for the patient during localization. This study will be carried out at the Hsinchu Branch of National Taiwan University Hospital. It is expected that 40 patients with pulmonary nodules will be randomly assigned into two groups. One group will receive bronchoscopic dye localization in the hybrid examination room equipped with cone-beam computed tomography, and the other group will receive ENB-guided dye localization in OR. The primary goal of the study was to compare the localization duration of the two groups of patients, the total dose of radiation exposure during localization and the incidence of location-related complications, and the secondary goals were the results of the surgical procedure, including the surgical duration.

Inclusion Criteria:

A. One of each: lung nodule size less than 1 cm; depth more than 2 cm; GGO lesion B. 20~90 years old C. sign permit

Exclusion Criteria:

A. Previous emphysema, TB, COPD B. Previous ipsilateral thoracic surgery C. Bleeding tendency D. Heart failure, cirrhosis, CKD E. Pregnancy or breast feeding F. Immunocompromised G. Severe infection H. Unable to sign permit