Study was halted due to Covid-19 pandemic and unavailability of ketoprofen.

This study is designed to investigate the treatment response of lymphedema, of the upper or lower extremity, during clinical, pharmacologic treatment of lymphedema with oral ketoprofen. Correlation of clinical responses (changes in limb volume and skin thickness) with changes in the inflammasome will help to define the molecular substrate of treatment response.

Patients presenting to the Investigator's Clinic for evaluation and treatment of (upper or lower extremity) lymphedema, will be assessed for their suitability (of low risk) for medical treatment with ketoprofen. If there are no contra-indications to taking ketoprofen, after discussion of FDA warnings, including provision of a written copy of the FDA language to the patient, and with the recommendation to discuss with the primary physician-of-record, patients will be provided with a prescription for ketoprofen 200 mg daily (one capsule taken orally, once daily) or if obtained from a compound pharmacy, ketoprofen 210 mg daily (one capsule taken orally, once daily).

Participation in this study will be offered. Two study visits, at baseline and month 6 are required. Measurements (circumferential and skin thickness) and a blood sample will be taken at each study visit.

The investigators will try to determine how ketoprofen affects the body tissue by obtaining blood samples and measurements, before starting treatment and at month 6.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Participants with a history of acquired lymphedema
• Stage 1, 2, or 3
• 18-75 years
• Clinical use of ketoprofen for lymphedema

Exclusion Criteria:

• Active cancer, infection, bleeding tendency, inflammatory disease and/or taking anti-inflammatory or anti-leukotriene medication will be excluded.
• Pregnant or lactating females
• Inability to take ketoprofen (contra-indicated, e.g patients with known CV, GI, renal, hepatic disease).
• Other severe acute or chronic medical or psychiatric condition or laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation, may interfere with interpretation of study results, and in the judgement of the investigator, would make the participation inappropriate for entry into this study.

Patients presenting to the Investigator's Stanford Center for Lymphatic and Venous Disorders, for evaluation and treatment of their condition, lymphedema, will be assessed for their suitability for medical treatment with ketoprofen. The use of ketoprofen in these patients is predicated upon clinical presentation and evidence-based practice, not any investigational consideration of therapy.

If there are no contra-indications to taking ketoprofen, after discussion of FDA black box warnings, including provision of a written copy of the Medication Guide for Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), approved by FDA, will be provided to the patient, and with the recommendation to discuss with the primary physician-of-record, patients will be provided with a prescription for ketoprofen. The opportunity to participate in this observational study will be presented.

De-identified participant data, for study endpoints, will be made available.

Data will become available 12 months after completion of the last enrollment in the trial.

Data access requests will be reviewed by PI and Stanford IRB. If approved, requestors will be required to sign a data use agreement (DUA).