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Rehabilitation robotics is increasingly used because it enables the patients to practice a wide array of movements. Dynamic balance training is essential for gait rehabilitation and robotised devices enhance repeatability, objectivity and precision of such training combined with monitoring and recording of kinematic and kinetic data. The aim of the study is to explore the effect of robot-assisted gait training on dynamic balance, symmetry and take-off in patients after stroke. The investigators will conduct a randomised intervention study where one group will receive visual feedback on gait status and the other group will receive kinetically-assisted training using a robotised device in addition to the visual feedback.
Gait training will start 3 weeks after admission to inpatient rehabilitation. It will last for 3 weeks, 5 times per week, 30 minutes per day. The first few sessions with the robotic device will serve to familiarise the patient with the BART device and training conditions. Further details are described in the Arms and Interventions section.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Controls | Active Comparator | In each session, the group will undergo standard gait training on BART without pelvic perturbations, i.e.,
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| Experimental | Experimental | In each session, the group will undergo robotised gait training with BART with pelvic perturbations, i.e.,
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Standard gait training on BART without pelvic perturbations | Device | The Balance Assisted Robot on Treadmill (BART) enables various types of gait training on treadmill with visual feedback. It interfaces to the pelvis of the walking subject in an actuated and admittance-controlled manner, thus providing transparent haptic interaction with negligible power transfer. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in postural stability during walking | Assessed using the Functional Gait Assessment (FGA) scale. The scale scores range from 0 to 30, with higher scores indicating less impairment. | Assessment before and after the 3-week training programme |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in functional ambulation category | Assessed using the Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC) scale. The FAC is a 6-point scale (0-5), with higher category indicating better walking ability. | Assessment before and after the 3-week training programme |
| Change in functional independence |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in kinesiological characteristics of gait | Assessed using the BART device | Assessment before and after the 3-week training programme |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Matjaž Zadravec, PhD | University Rehabilitation Institute, Republic of Slovenia | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University Rehabilitation Institute, Republic of Slovenia | Ljubljana | 1000 | Slovenia |
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| Robotised gait training with BART with pelvic perturbations | Device | In addition to the standard gait training, the BART will deliver perturbations in the forward/backward and left/right direction. |
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Assessed using the Motor subscale of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). FIM Motor subscale scores range from 13 to 91, with higher scores indicating better functional independence. |
| Assessment before and after the 3-week training programme |
| Change in fall-risk related mobility | Assessed using the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Longer TUG times indicate worse mobility (and thus higher fall risk). | Assessment before and after the 3-week training programme |
| Change in ability to change directions while stepping | Assessed using the Four Square Step Test (FSST). The FSST is timed, with longer times indicating worse ability. | Assessment before and after the 3-week training programme |
| Change in walking speed over a short distance | Assessed using the 10 Meter Walk Test (10MWT) | Assessment before and after the 3-week training programme |
| Change in walking speed over a long distance | Assessed using the 6 Minute Walk Test (6MWT) | Assessment before and after the 3-week training programme |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D020521 | Stroke |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002561 | Cerebrovascular Disorders |
| D001927 | Brain Diseases |
| D002493 | Central Nervous System Diseases |
| D009422 | Nervous System Diseases |
| D014652 | Vascular Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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