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The numeric rating scale (NRS), one of the most widely used pain scales in clinical practice, although convenient, is often subject to bias because it requires abstract thinking from both the patient and the evaluator. Compared to numbers, traumatic pain, when visualized appropriately, has potential advantage as a means to indicate and communicate the severity of pain. Given that they are standardized in terms of body parts, wound size, and bleeding volume, illustrations of traumatic pain along with external somatic stimuli that caused it can be used to serve as effective visual anchors to supplement a pain scale by giving more concrete information to the patient. The purpose of this study is to develop Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale(SNUIPS) using pictures of traumatic pain, and verify the validity and effectiveness of this scale in comparison with those of NRS.
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 24 hours after surgery. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain). Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity. | 24 hours after surgery |
| Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 24.5 hours after surgery for validation in terms of test-retest reliability of the scale. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain). Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity. | 24.5 hours after surgery |
| Postoperative Pain Scores (NRS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on numeric rating scale evaluated after 48 hours after surgery for assessment of sensitivity to change. Each item is scored from 0 to 10 (0 = no pain; 10 = worst imaginable pain). | 48 hours after surgery |
| Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 24 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'. Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity. | 24 hours after surgery |
| Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 24.5 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'. Retrospective assessment of peak postoperative pain intensity will be included in addition to evaluation of current pain intensity. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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100 adult patients undergoing postoperative pain control after a gynecological or orthopedic surgery at Seoul National University Hospital
| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jin-Tae Kim, MD, PhD | Contact | +82-2-2072-3664 | jintae73@gmail.com |
| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jin-Tae Kim | Seoul National University Hospital | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seoul National University Hospital | Seoul | 03080 | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3785962 | Background | Jensen MP, Karoly P, Braver S. The measurement of clinical pain intensity: a comparison of six methods. Pain. 1986 Oct;27(1):117-126. doi: 10.1016/0304-3959(86)90228-9. | |
| 18487245 | Background | Breivik H, Borchgrevink PC, Allen SM, Rosseland LA, Romundstad L, Hals EK, Kvarstein G, Stubhaug A. Assessment of pain. Br J Anaesth. 2008 Jul;101(1):17-24. doi: 10.1093/bja/aen103. Epub 2008 May 16. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D059787 | Acute Pain |
| D010149 | Pain, Postoperative |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010146 | Pain |
| D009461 | Neurologic Manifestations |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
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| 24.5 hours after surgery |
| Postoperative Pain Scores (SNUIPS) | Self-reported pain intensity based on Seoul National University Illustrated Pain Scale evaluated after 48 hours after surgery. Each item is scored using illustrations that corresponds to 0-10 levels of traumatic pain, beginning from 'no injury and/or pain' to 'causalgia'. | 48 hours after surgery |
| Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics | Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics | 24 hours after surgery |
| Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics | Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics | 24.5 hours after surgery |
| Postoperative Consumption of Patient-Controlled and/or Rescue Analgesics | Amount of analgesics consumed through intravenous patient-controlled analgesia and/or administration of rescue analgesics | 48 hours after surgery |
| Understandability of Pain Scales | Survey among patients on understandability pain scales | 48 hours after surgery |
| Convenience of Pain Scales | Survey among patients on convenience of pain scales | 48 hours after surgery |
| Patient Satisfaction of Postoperative Pain Management | Survey among patients on their level of overall satisfaction on postoperative pain management | 48 hours after surgery |
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| 30534623 | Background | Pathak A, Sharma S, Jensen MP. The utility and validity of pain intensity rating scales for use in developing countries. Pain Rep. 2018 Aug 6;3(5):e672. doi: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000672. eCollection 2018 Sep-Oct. |
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| 10352653 | Background | Katz J, Melzack R. Measurement of pain. Surg Clin North Am. 1999 Apr;79(2):231-52. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(05)70381-9. |
| 14976305 | Background | Singer T, Seymour B, O'Doherty J, Kaube H, Dolan RJ, Frith CD. Empathy for pain involves the affective but not sensory components of pain. Science. 2004 Feb 20;303(5661):1157-62. doi: 10.1126/science.1093535. |
| D011183 | Postoperative Complications |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |